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Research on Meaning and Force in Speech Acts

言语行为的意义与力量研究

基本信息

批准号：
10610002
负责人：
YAMADA Tomoyuki
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10610002/
关键词：
speech acts illocutionary acts meaning contents illocutionary force pragmatics semantics situation theory

项目摘要

In this research project, I have developed elementary part of an ascription-based theory of illocutionary acts. It is "ascription-based" in the sense that its basic formulas are formulas ascribing actions to agents. They are used in order to state facts about particular utterances and illocutionary acts performed by agents. The language of the theory also contains formulas used for stating constraints upon possible combinations of types of contexts, types of utterances, types of possiblle illocutionary acts, aud types of background conditions. It doesn't contain, however, formulas for giving commands, making promises, making requests, aud so on. It is not meant to be an all-purpose language in which all sorts of illocutionary acts could be performed, but is meant to be a special-purpose language for stating various theoretical assumptions, hypotheses and their consequences about speech acts performed in natural languages.This theory contains a general theory of content for illocutionary acts which is based on a generalized version of J.L.Austin's theory of Truth. By extending Austin's notions of demonstrative and descriptive conventions so as to cover cases not only of assertives but also of illocutionary acts other than assertives, it specifies contents of contentful illocutionary acts through specifying conditions of their satisfaction without appealing to the notion of propositions. It respects the intuition that commauds and promises are not things which can be true or false.This theory treats illocutionary acts as acts, i.e.that which change situations. It aims to characterize each illocutionary force in terms of types of changes in types of situations which illocutionary acts with those forces bring about.In developing this theory, I have adopted a version of the language of Situation Theory.

在这个研究项目中，我发展了一个基于归属的言外行为理论的基本部分。它是“基于归因的”，因为它的基本公式是将动作归因于代理的公式。它们被用来陈述关于特定话语和施事行为的事实。该理论的语言还包含用于陈述对语境类型、话语类型、可能的不言而语行为类型和背景条件类型的可能组合的约束的公式。然而，它不包含发出命令、做出承诺、提出请求等的公式。它并不是一种可以进行各种言外行为的万能语言，而是一种专门用来陈述关于自然语言中言语行为的各种理论假设、假设及其后果的语言。这一理论包含了言外行为的一般内容理论，该理论是建立在J.L.奥斯汀真理论的基础上的。通过扩展奥斯汀的说明性和描述性惯例的概念，不仅包括断言的情况，也包括除断言之外的言外行为的情况，它通过规定满足条件的言外行为来指定内容，而不是诉诸命题概念。它尊重一种直觉，即命令和承诺不是真的或假的东西。这一理论将言外行为视为行为，即改变情况的行为。它的目的是根据每一种言外之力带来的情景类型的变化来描述每一种言外之力。在发展这一理论的过程中，我采用了情景语言理论的一个版本。