"Madonna and child Surrounded by a Flower Garland"-Its Rise, Development and Reception in the 17th-Century Flanders-

《被花环环绕的麦当娜和孩子》是一种特殊的宗教绘画形式，由米兰枢机主教费德里科·博罗梅奥于1608年提出。在这种类型的第一件作品中，长老简·布鲁盖尔画了一个花环，亨德里克·范·巴伦画了圣母和孩子的形象。费德里科写的文件显示，他的主要兴趣集中在对花的细致描绘上，而他对圣母和孩子很少关注，尽管对天主教徒来说，这是一个重要的崇拜形象。这种新的宗教形象是博罗梅奥发明的，目的是很好地利用花卉静物画家的技巧。但负责画《圣母与子》的画家们却不能轻易松懈。他们进行了各种有趣的艺术安排，以展示他们作为人物画家的技能。于是，《花环圣母与圣子》成为花画家与人物画家相互竞争的重要意象形式。在这项研究中，我从艺术模仿的角度研究了简与鲁本斯合作绘制的绘画作品。鲁本斯对幻觉描绘的兴趣也被认为是因为它与古代和文艺复兴传统的关系。通过比较江户时代日本人对从荷兰进口的范罗扬的一幅花静物画与欧洲赞扬花画的诗歌的反应，研究了人们对现实主义花卉描绘的钦佩模式。

"Madonna and Child Surrounded by a Flower Garland" is a special form of religious painting which was suggested by the cardinal of Milan Federico Borromeo in 1608. For the first work of this type Jan Brueghel the elder painted a flower garland, and Hendrik van Balen the image of the Madonna and Child. The documents written by Federico show that his main interest was focused on the meticulous depiction of flowers, while he paid little attention to the Madonna and Child, although for the Catholics, it was an important image for worship. This new form of religious image was invented by Borromeo to make good use of the skills of a flower still life painter. But the painters in charge of painting the Madonna and Child could not easily loose. They made various interesting artistic arrangements to demonstrate their skills as figure painters. Thus the "Madonna and Child Surrounded by a Flower Garland" became an important form of image in which the flower painter and the figure painter would compete with each other. In this study, I investigated the paintings Jan painted in collaboration with Rubens from this viewpoint of artistic emulation. Rubens' interest in the illusionistic depiction was also considered regarding its relation to the ancient and Renaissance traditions. The patterns of admiration for the realistic depictions of flowers were also studied by comparing the reactions of the Japanese in the Edo Period to a flower still life by van Royen, imported from The Netherlands, with European poems praising flower paintings.