Interactions between visual system of space and vergence system

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The aim of this study was to clarify theoretically and experimentally the relationships between visual system of space and motor system, specifically the vergence system. There were two sub-purpose : (1) to clarify the relationships between the visual system to process relative distance, absolute distance, and size of objects and the vergence system, and (2) based on the results of the first purpose, to clarify theoretically "functional principles" of the visual system. The several experiments conducted from 1998 to 2000 indicated that : (a) the visual system calibrates perceived depth, perceived size, and perceived distance in divergence states beyond parallelism of visual axes of both eyes, (b) the visual system calibrates relative depth obtained from binocular retinal disparity, disparity gradient, and motion parallax, using absolute distance information ; consequently, the perceived depth in binocular stereopsis and monocular stereopsis increases as the perceived egocentric distance increases. We named this function the principle of depth scaling. The second principle we made is "cyclopean percept principle", which states that the visual system integrates visual inputs from both eyes to make single percept in any situations viewed binocularly.