Examination of cross-modal priming effect in the phoneme level

本研究探讨了句法在日语这门S-O-V语言中消解词汇歧义的作用。特别是，在两种句子(a) S-ga-V句子（主语、主观后置助词和模糊动词）和(b) O-wo-V句子（宾语、客观后置助词和模糊动词）中，后置助词对句末模糊动词语义获取的影响将被证明。在本研究中，后置助词的目的是消除动词的歧义，如(a) S-ga-Vi。（不及物动词）或(b) O-wo-Vt。(及物动词)。采用跨模态启动法，在句尾前一个音节或句尾后紧接一个音节的汉字汉字视觉呈现目标名词，听觉呈现最后一个动词。一个目标名词与原形动词的意思和所使用的后置助词都有关（语境无关），而另一个目标名词只与原形动词的意思有关，但与所使用的后置助词无关（语境无关），第三个目标名词与动词和助词的意思都无关。在此分析中，我们基于被试声音的数字频谱对命名延迟数据进行了手工编码，因为语音键测量被认为不适合准确测量命名延迟。本研究参照基于约束的词汇学方法进行。消除歧义的并行分布式处理（PDP）模型（连接主义模型）非常适合实现这种基于约束的词汇主义观点，即人类自然语言理解涉及约束满足机制。我们使用我们的PDP模型对这个实验进行了计算机模拟。与实验数据一致，PDP模型可以成功地模拟上下文相关和上下文无关的模糊动词频率在激活时间过程中的影响。

This research demonstrates syntactic effects in resolving lexical ambiguity in Japanese, an S-O-V language. In particular, the effect of a postpositional particle on the semantic access of sentence-final ambiguous verbs in two kinds of sentences, (a) S-ga-V sentences (subject, subjective postpositional particle, and ambiguous verb) and (b) O-wo-V sentences (object, objective postpositional particle, and ambiguous verb), will be demonstrated. In this research, The postpositional particles are designed to disambiguate the verbs' meanings as (a) S-ga-Vi. (intransitive verb) or (b) O-wo-Vt. (transitive verb).A cross-modal priming method was used in which a target noun was visually presented by Kanji characters one-syllable before the end, or immediately after the end, of a sentence-final verb presented auditorily. One target noun was related to both the prime verb's meaning and the postpositional particle used (context-dependent), while another target noun was related to only the prime verb's meaning, but it was unrelated to the postpositional particle used (context-independent), and a third target was unrelated to both of the verb's and the particle's meaning. For this analysis, we hand coded the data of naming latencies based on digital spectrograms of subjects' voices, because the voice key measure has been considered unsuitable to measure naming latency accurately.This research has been pursued with reference to the constraint-based lexicalist approach. The parallel distributed processing (PDP) models (connectionist models) of disambiguation are well suited to implement this constraint-based lexicalist view that human natural language understanding involves constraint-satisfaction mechanisms. We performed a computer simulation of this experiment using our PDP model. Consistent with experimental data, the PDP model can successfully simulate the effect of context-dependent and context-independent frequencies of ambiguous verbs in the time-course of activation.