A Case Study of Citizen's Ombudsman Movements in Japan

为了全面掌握这一运动在日本的萌芽阶段，我对参加全国公民申诉会议的各地区代表进行了问卷调查。因此，全国所做的运动可以分为三种类型。一：少数精英群体。二：做大规模的团队。三：系统化未完成群体。随着律师和专家成为这些运动的中心，一种被称为“民主派监察员”的趋势在所有类型中都可以看到。笔者指出，上述内容成为日本初期监察官运动的中心任务，而监察官运动本身是否也有过征服这一任务的想法，笔者对此进行了重点研究，以证明这一点。一个是以青森县为例。要求开展监察员活动，而一项称为核燃料循环设施建设问题的区域任务显然出现在那里。另一个例子是仙台市。仙台市的市民监察官是为了提高传统的居民自治质量而开展的监察活动。我比较研究了两个区域运动的系统化。我也持有上述问题和运动的参与者被分为“被动型”和“积极型”我证明了有一个不同的目的在参与者每个区域活动的背景。重要的是，要学会在认识到参与者要求的差异的同时获得他们的积极性。与此同时，笔者在日本的监察员运动中指出，为了开始建设“每个公民都参与的社会”，“参与式学习”是必要的。

I enforced a questionnaire survey for every regional representsatives who join the National Citizens' Ombudsman Conference, as I would like to grasp the image of the biginning stage of this movements in Japan entirely. As a result, the movements nationally done was able to be distributed into three types. One : Group of the small number elite. Two : Group that does to enlarge a scale. Three : Systematization unfinished group. As attorneys and specialists have become the center for these movements, a tendency called "democracy to delegate an ombudsman" was seen at all types. I pointed out that the above-mentioned becomes the central task of the beginning ombudsman movements in Japan.Whether ombudsman movements itself think about conquest of this task anyhow or not I researched on focus to prove for this point. One is an example of Aomori Prefecture. An ombudsman activity was requested, while a regional task called a nuclear fuel cycle facilities construction problems clearly appears there. Other is an example of Sendai City. Sendai Citizen Ombudsman does to raise a conventional resident autonomous quality by an ombudsman activity. I comparatively examined a systematization of 2 regional movements. I hold an aforementioned problem with both also and participants of the movements are split for "passive type" and "positiveness type" I proved that there is a difference in a purpose at participants each regional activity for the background. A learning to derive their positiveness while recognizing a disparity of a claim of participants by is important. Then we can conclude an evaluation that it is a newer object compared with a conventional one Simultaneously I pointed out by an ombudsman movements in Japan that "participation type learning" is necessary to start making "society where each citizen participates".