The Oxford Idealists and the Education of Working-Class Adults

19世纪末和20世纪初英国的大学和社会改革运动，如大学扩招、大学定居和辅导班，都起源于牛津大学和剑桥大学。那里的一些教师提倡这些思想，运动在更广泛的圈子的支持下发展起来。就牛津大学而言，许多积极投身于这些运动的教员都是贝利奥尔人，他们受到t.h.格林理想主义哲学的巨大影响。贝利奥尔学院于19世纪中叶在本杰明·乔维特的领导下转变为国家精英的育婴堂，也培养了大批教员和学生，他们不仅对社会问题表现出浓厚的兴趣，而且关心弱势群体。并以各种方式投身于社会事业。正如劳伦斯·戈德曼博士所说的那样，这一定是“牛津的悖论”，这些精英人士和机构代表着底层民众，并为社会改革开辟了道路。那些或多或少与理想主义传统有联系并形成了一种传承的学者，也深深地参与了英国大学的改革。他们的活动不仅局限于牛津内部的改革，还扩展到牛津以外的地方，并以各种形式取得成果。一般来说，理想主义者在教育改革中的思想和实践已经得到了很好的记录，例如p .戈登和j .怀特，哲学家作为教育改革者，伦敦，1979年。劳伦斯·戈德曼博士最近的著作《教师和工人：1860年以来的牛津和成人教育》，牛津；1995年的报告详细揭示了牛津大学与上个世纪成人教育和工人阶级教育之间的奇妙关系。在以上作品的基础和借鉴下，我试图揭示的是，从t.h.格林到a.d.林赛，更具体、更详细地追溯牛津理想主义者及其追随者在英国大学改革中的思想和实践。少

The University and social reform movements in late nineteenth and early twentieth century England Such as the university extension, the university settlement and the tutorial class originated in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. Some of the dons there advocated the ideas, and the movements developed with the support of the wider circles. In the case of Oxford, many of those dons who were most actively committed to the movements were Balliol men who were under the great influence of the Idealist Philosophy of T.H.Green.Balliol College, which was transformed into a nursery of national elites under its Master Benjamin Jowett in the mid nineteenth century also produced a host of dons and students who not only showed keen interest in social problems but also cared for the underpriviledged, and devoted themselves to the social causes in various ways. It must be, as Dr.Lawrence Goldman put it, "the paradox of Oxford" that this elitists of people and institutions stood for the underpri … More viledged and pioneered the way towards social reform.Those dons who were in one way or another connected with and formed a lineage of the Idealist tradition, also deeply involved in the reform of English universities. Not confined to the internal reform of Oxford, their activities spread outside Oxford and bore fruit in various places and forms.The thought and practice of Idealists in educational reform in general have been well documentated, for example by P.Gordon and J.White, Philosophers as Educational Reformers, London, 1979. Dr.Lawrence Goldman's more recent work Dons and Workers : Oxford and Adult Education since 1860, Oxford ; 1995 revealed in great detail the fascinating relationship between Oxford and adult and working-class education over the last century.Baaed on and learning from the above mentioned works, what I have tried to reveal was to trace the thought and practice of the Oxford idealists and their followers in the reform of English universities in A more concrete and detailed way from T.H.Green to A.D.Lindsay. Less