Reconsideration of the relation between Byzantium and the West from the ninth to the eleventh centuries.

本文的主要研究对象是十世纪初拜占庭帝国对意大利的影响。加洛林王朝衰落后，法兰克墓地之间发生了权力冲突。在这些混乱中，他们都要求拜占庭皇帝结成联盟。拜占庭帝国在马其顿王朝统治下重新征服了意大利南部。不仅是意大利南部，而且教皇的领土也在拜占庭宗主国的统治之下，因为巴兹尔一世第一次派遣帝国舰队保卫罗马，抵御阿拉伯的袭击，尽管那是法兰克王国意大利的前线省份。在两个宗主国之间，拜占庭比法兰克宗主国优越，因为在奥托大帝到来之前，这些墓地中没有一个强大的人物可以与拜占庭皇帝作战。因此，没有人试图用军事力量占领罗马城。他们不得不寻找另一种方式来统治教皇的领土。通过教皇的控制是他们为实现自己的野心而选择的方式。因此，非信徒领导人干预教皇的继任，并试图让他们自己的候选人当选为教皇。对于教皇的历史来说，这是黑暗时代的开始。因此，利用这种情况的人不是任何法兰克人的墓地，而是罗马的贵族家庭。其中，提奥普拉克氏族在罗马建立了第一个王朝统治。这一研究表明，这些历史现象是拜占庭对意大利半岛影响恢复的结果。

The major object of this study is the influence of the Byzantine Empire on Italy during the early tenth century. There ware the conflicts of power among the Frankish margraves after the decline of the Carolingian dynasty. In those confusions all of them asked the Byzantine emperors for the alliance. The Byzantine Empire made reconquest of southern Italy under the Macedonian dynasty. Not only southern Italy, also the papal territory was under the Byzantine suzerain since Basil the first had sent the imperial fleets in defense of Rome against Arab's raids, though that was the frontire province of the Frankish Kingdom of Italy. Between double suzerains Byzantine was superior to Frankish one, becouse no powerful figure among those margraves could fight against the Byzantine emperors until Otto the great would come. Therefore no one tried to occupy the city of Rome by militaly force. They had to find the other way to rule the papal territory. The control through pope was the way that they choosed for the realization of their ambition. Thus the lay leaders intervened papal successions, and tried to make their own candidates elected as a pope. It was the beginning of the Dark Ages for the papal history. Consequently the men who took advantage of this situation were not any Frankish margraves but the aristocractic families of Rome. Among them, the Theophulakts' clan established the first dynastic domination in Rome. This study makes clear that these historical phenomena were produced by the restoration of Byzantine influence on the Italian peninsula.