A General Hypothesis Based on Physical and Chemical Analyses: An Examination of the "Ritual Exchange System of the Early Jomon"

陶瓷组合结构的重建，陶瓷成分分析，通过对陶片上漆样残留物的分析，对绳文早期关东中部东部地区和西部中部关西地区的仪式交换的一般假设进行了验证。通过对陶片组合结构的重建，根据当地的漆样残留物的数量，确定了三种典型的模式。制作深碗，本地生产的浅碗仿制品，以及进口的深、浅碗。这些图案的大致比例如下：中桐宇和野图案：80%本地制作的深碗; 10%本地制作的浅碗复制品; 10%进口的浅碗。水组图案：70-75%本地制作的深碗; 20-25%本地制作的浅碗复制品; 5%进口的浅碗。落合五郎图案：65%本地制作的深碗;陶瓷成分分析表明，从水组图案遗址进口的浅碗很有可能来源于某一特定地区。因此，可以在最初的一般假设基础上，再增加一个承认交换对象存在的假设。对漆样残留物的分析表明，在中桐宇和野模式的遗址上，在几个地区都有浅碗的复制品。因此，一般假设被扩展到提出初级交换伙伴之间的劳动分工。

Reconstruction of ceramic assemblage structures, ceramic composition analysis, and the analysis of lacquer-like residues on pottery were conducted in order to test the general hypothesis regarding the ritual exchange of the Early Jomon period in the Kanto to eastern Chubu regions and in the western Chubu to Kansai regions.Reconstruction of ceramic assemblage structures resulted in the identification of three typical patterns based on the quantities of locally-made deep bowls, locally-produced copies of shallow bowls, and imported deep and shallow bowls. These patterns with approximate percentages are described as follows:Nakagiri Uwano Pattern: 80% locally-made deep bowls; 10% locally-produced copies of shallow bowls; 10% imported shallow bowls.Mizukumi Pattern: 70-75% locally-made deep bowls; 20-25% locally-produced copies of shallow bowls; 5% imported shallow bowls.Ochiai Goro Pattern: 65% locally-made deep bowls; 5% locally-produced copies of shallow bowls; 15% imported shallow bowls; 5% imported deep bowls.Ceramic composition analysis demonstrated that there is a high probability that imported shallow bowls from sites of the Mizukumi Pattern derived from a specific area. As a result, a hypothesis recognizing the existence of exchange partners can be added to the initial general hypothesis.The analysis of lacquer-like residues showed that at sites of the Nakagiri Uwano Pattern, there is a high probability that copies of shallow bowls were produced in several areas. The general hypothesis was thus extended to propose a division of labor between primary exchange partners.