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In Search of the oldest Human Fossil Remains on the Japanese Archipelago : The Excavation of Paleolithic Layers of the Hyotan-ana Cave

寻找日本列岛最古老的人类化石遗迹：葫芦穴旧石器时代地层的发掘

基本信息

批准号：
10610397
负责人：
KAJIWARA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 2.43万
依托单位：
Tohoku Fukushi University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Hyotan-ana cave is located at Iwaizumi town, Iwate prefecture, where one of the biggest areas of Limestone formation in Japan. There have been searched many caves or shelters around here. The cave lies on slope of the height of 158 m and about 50 m above a river running below. It corresponds to the highest terrace, supposed to date back to around 300,000 years BP.The cave is about 20 m in width and depth and 10 m in height and has a small chamber room, measured 10 m (width) x 4 m (depth) x 3 m (height) in the rear part. So far lithic industries have been discovered from several horizons at Zone A, C, D, and E during 4 seasons since 1995, which almost belong to upper to middle paleolithic. During 4 th season of excavation, at Zone F, a pit with lithic tools and a deer fossil bone were discovered. All finds are included in late Pleistocene deposits, which were confirmed by Paleomagnetism and geological observations.In 1999, during 5 th season, from Zone A, large amount of Jomon remains, including scratched or non decorated pottery fragments of the incipient Jomon, bone points, discs made of shell and so on were unearthed. At Zone F, lithics were concentrated within a small area and fossil bones of deer, Japanese serow and bear were found close to the concentration. Also fossil femur of wild boar, which is probably an extinct sp., was found there too.Combining above-mentioned discoveries, it is supposed that some kind of ritual activities might have been conducted in the rear chamber. It is also stressed that we could accumulate informative data of Incipient Jomon too, due to good association of archaeological materials and fossil remains.

冰坛洞位于岩手县岩泉镇，是日本最大的石灰岩形成区之一。这附近有很多洞穴和避难所都被搜过了洞穴位于158米高的斜坡上，距离下面的河流约50米。它对应于最高的阶地，应该可以追溯到大约300，000年前。洞穴的宽度和深度约为20米，高度为10米，有一个小房间，测量10米（宽）x 4米（深）x 3米（高）在后部。自1995年以来，在A、C、D、E带的4个季节中，先后在多个层位发现了石器工业，几乎都属于旧石器时代的中、晚期。在第四季的挖掘中，在F区发现了一个石器坑和一个鹿骨化石。1999年第5季，在A区出土了大量绳纹遗迹，包括早期绳纹的有划痕或无装饰的陶器碎片、骨尖、贝壳盘等。在F区，岩屑集中在一个小的区域内，鹿，日本serow和熊的化石骨骼被发现接近浓度。还有野猪的股骨化石，这可能是一种灭绝的物种，结合上述发现，推测后室可能曾进行过某种仪式活动。由于考古材料与化石遗迹的良好联系，我们也可以积累有关绳文早期的信息资料。