English Dramatists' Receptivity toward Italian Culture through Book 1558-1603

在英国翻译和出版的意大利书籍数量表明，英国人对意大利的热情直到16世纪中期才被点燃，当时对意大利文化的热情突然席卷了整个国家。在此期间，自乔叟以来，首次出版了从意大利语直接翻译成英语的译本。我列出了伊丽莎白统治时期（1558-1603年）在英国出版的286本“意大利书”（446个版本）。所列的标题表明了英语对意大利文化的接受性的重要特征。这些书拓宽和丰富了英国人的思维和英国戏剧。对这些作品的初步研究有助于了解其出版的各种情况和对它们的反应。令人惊讶的是，这一时期只有八部意大利戏剧出版。其中两本没有翻译，而是用意大利语印刷的。这六部被翻译的戏剧是乔治·加斯科因的《假设》（1573）和《乔卡斯塔》（1573），亨利·奇克的《弗里维尔》（1573？）、乔治·惠斯通的《普罗莫斯》和《卡桑德拉》（1578年）、安东尼·芒迪的《菲德勒》和《福图尼奥》（1585年）以及约翰·戴莫克的（？）Il Pastor Fido（1602）翻译自Guarini。对这些文本的分析阐明了英国接受意大利文化的一个重要方面：一个来自意大利的间接影响的有形例子，以及吸收新材料和思想而不损失民族认同的能力。

The number of Italian books translated and published in England shows that the passion of the English for Italy was not kindled until the middle of the sixteenth century, when a sudden fit of enthusiasm for Italian culture overtook the nation. During this period, translations directly from Italian into English were published for the first time since Chaucer. I have listed 286 'Italian books' (446 editions) published in England during Elizabeth's reign, 1558-1603. The titles listed suggest significant features of English receptivity to Italian culture. These books broadened and enriched the English mind and English drama. The study of the preliminary matter of these works throws light on the various circumstances surrounding their publication and the responses to them.Surprisingly, there were only eight Italian plays published in the period. Two of these were not translated but printed in Italian. The six translated plays were George Gascoigne's Supposes (1573) and Jocasta (1573), Henry Cheke's Freewyl (1573? ), George Whetstone's Promos and Cassandra (1578), Anthony Munday's Fidele and Fortunio (1585), and John Dymoke's (? ) Il Pastor Fido (1602) translated from Guarini. An analysis of these texts illuminates an important facet of England's reception of Italian culture : a tangible example of indirect influence from Italy, and the ability to assimilate new materials and ideas without loss to the national identity.