The Syntax and Semantics of Non-Eventive Sentences : English Middles and Other Constructions

研究重点是英语中动结构以及不定式和动名词（PRO）缺失主语或代词的句子。中间结构不被解释为事件性，但被解释为涉及一般性。和不定名词短语一样，PRO和one可以由数量副词或隐含的类属算子约束。然而，与不定式不同，它们不允许存在解释。也就是说，它们在类属语境中是可能的，但它们不允许情景/事件解释。首先，我提出英语中动结构包含一个零式语素，它位于动词的一个附属物的前面，具有“由于”的意义。“零式语素是派生主语负责句子所描述的类属性的构式的典型意义的来源，也阻止了降级施事以及其他内部论元的实现。中间常量的派生主语是派生主语，它是派生主语的一个重要组成部分。 ...更多信息 在派生位置中，向render分配属性的承载者的语义角色。主语和谓语之间的述谓关系决定了主语和谓语之间的关系。另一方面，像“John washed”“John shaved”这样的句子的主语并没有从宾语位置移到主语位置。我提出，如果语义角色是基于述谓的，那么移动到具有语义角色的位置是可能的，但如果它是基于动词的主题关系的与事件相关的角色之一，如施事和主位，则不可能。基于上述对PRO和one的观察，本文从最简方案的角度考察了确定性/不确定性与它们的句法实现之间的关系。我认为，不确定性，以及确定性，必须明确地标记在名词短语，存在解释是可能的，只有明确标记为不确定的名词短语。少

The research focused on the middle construction in English and sentences with the missing subject of infinitives and gerunds (PRO) or with the pronoun one. The middle construction is not interpreted as eventive, but is construed to involve genericity. Like indefinite noun phrases, PRO and one can be bound by an adverb of quantification or an implicit generic operator. Unlike indefinites, however, they do not allow existential interpretation. That is, they are possible in generic contexts but they do not allow episodic/eventive interpretation.First, I proposed that the middle construction in English contains a zero-form morpheme which heads an adjunct to the verb and has the meaning of "due to." The zero-form morpheme is the source of the meaning typical of the construction that the derived subject is responsible for the genericity described by the sentence, and also prevents the realization of the demoted agent as well as other internal arguments.The derived subject of the middle const … More ruction is assigned the semantic role of the bearer of a property in the derived position. The assignment is based on the predication relation between the subject and the predicate. On the other hand, the subject of such sentences as "John washed" "John shaved" is not moved from the object position to the subject position. I proposed that movement into a position with a semantic role is possible if the role assigned there is based on predication, but not possible if it is one of the event-related roles such as agent and theme, which are based on the thematic relations of the verb. I argued that this generalization points to the hypothesis that the event-related thematic roles are not syntactic features that trigger syntactic movement.Based on the above-mentioned observations on PRO and one, I examined the relationship between definiteness/indefiniteness and their syntactic realizations from the Minimalist point of view. I argued that indefiniteness, as well as definiteness, must be explicitly marked on noun phrases, and existential interpretation is possible only for noun phrases explicitly marked as indefinite. Less