Inquiry into the Process of Civil Air Transport Agreements by Open Sky Policies and Transformation of International Airline Systems

这项研究的目的是探索美国政府主导的开放天空政策是如何演变的，并被纳入民用航空运输协议。研究结果表明，开放天空政策经历了两个阶段的演变，转折点出现在20世纪90年代中期的S时期。此外，开放天空政策和通过代码共享建立战略联盟所产生的协同效应也可以观察到。此外，研究结果还表明，受开放天空政策影响的体制转型的关键特征可以追溯到国际航空运输协会管制的降低、双边协定的自由化和区域多边协定的扩大。开放天空政策具有多种目的，并在实践中灵活地应用于航空运输协议，考虑到不同国家的监管情况。案例研究结果表明，制定协议过程中的决策和开放天空谈判后的安全保障措施水平因国家而异。很难确切知道未来政权会发生什么，但我们可以肯定的是，通过战略联盟实现多边主义将是一种趋势。要调查的重要课题涉及确定废除机舱承运人的可能性，以及如何有效地对国际航空公司适用反垄断措施。

The purpose of this research is to explore how open sky policies led by the U.S.Government have evolved and been incorporated into civil air transport agreements. And additional purpose is to examine how these policies have effected the transformation of international air transport regimes.The research results indicate that open sky policies have evolved in two stages with the turning point coming in the mid-1990's. Also, synergism due to open sky policies and strategic alliances through code-sharing could be observed. In addition, the results reveals that critical features of the regime transformation influenced by open sky policies can be traced to the lowering of IATA's control, liberalization of bilateral agreements and the spread of regional multilateral agreements. Open sky policies have many purposes and in practice have been applied flexibly to air transport agreements that take different countries' regulatory circumstances in to account.Results of case studies indicate that decision making in the process of making agreements and in level of safe-guard measures after open sky negotiations vary from country to country. It's difficult to know exactly what will happen in the future regime, but we can be sure there will be a trend towards multilateralism through strategic alliances. Important subjects to be investigated deal with ascertaining the possibility of cabotage abolishment, and discerning ways to apply anti-trust measures effectively to international airline.