Design of a Chiral Dinucleating System Utilizing Tartaric Acid Ester as a Chiral Auxiliary and Its Application to the Synthesis of Optically Active Compounds

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It is strongly required to develop a practical and efficient method for the construction of chiral molecules to explore new biologically active medicines and agricultural chemicals. In this research, a new and novel chiral system possessing two metal centers utilizing tartaric acid esters was designed ; that is, if two reactants are bound to two different metal centers of the dialkoxide derived from tartaric acid ester, which might actually form the rigid 5/5-fused bicyclic dinucleating structure, they might be ideally oriented and/or activated by the metals and the following reaction might proceed in an enantioselective manner to afford the corresponding optically active products.The asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to ethyl (E)-4-hydroxy-2-butenoate was achieved by the use of diisopropyl (R,R)-tartrate as a chiral auxiliary to afford the corresponding 4,5-trans-2-isoxazolines, which were transformed to the corresponding 4,5-cis-2-isoxazolines by the treatment with a base through isomerization and lactonization.The asymmetric addition of the Reformatsky-type reagent, prepared in situ from diethylzinc and iodoacetic acid ester, to a carbon-nitrogen double bond in 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline N-oxides was achieved with enantioselectivity up to 86% ee. Furthermore, the asymmetric addition of the Reformatsky-type reagent to imines prepared from aldehydes and 2-aminophenol was also achieved to give β-amino acid derivatives. In order to realize reproducible higher stereoselection, the addition of a small amount of water was crucial.