Improvement of a public transport system using data carriers

本研究包括以下两个部分：（1）下一代数据载体公共交通系统的改进方法，（2）改进的评估和估计。研究概述如下：（1）无门收费具有车站结构简单、乘客轨迹较短、出行所需准备时间（包括等待时间）较短、减少现有自动检票系统不完善造成的乘客不舒适等优点，并对改进效果进行了评估。（2）通过实时个人乘客引导的改进系统可以分为以下两类：一类也可以基于现有的列车运行，另一类首先可以通过新颖的列车运行来实现，这种运行本身就需要实时的个人乘客引导。（3）前者的改进包括减少没有经验的乘客所感受到的心理负担，以及减少有经验的乘客的时间和增加舒适度。 (4)后者的优势主要在于新颖的信息系统能够实现传统系统中禁止的高效但复杂的列车运行，例如在灵活的运行管理中停在比列车短的站台、临时列车通过等。开发了这些运营的具体设计方法，并对优点进行了粗略评估。(5)详细交通需求信息的自动收集可以通过合理利用交通资源、改善服务（例如减少等待时间）和降低成本来提高乘坐率。 (6)讨论了可能的硬件：除了作为研究最初目标设备的非接触式IC卡之外，还研究了移动信息设备，例如手持电话、PHS、口袋铃和一些信息玩具。(7)提出了一种减少运输运营商独特的软件开发的方法。较少的

This research consists of the following two parts :(1) improvement methodology of a public transport system enabled by data carriers in the next generation, and(2) evaluation and estimation of the improvement.The study is summarized as follows :(1) The gateless fare collection enables the merits of simple station structure, shorter passenger trajectory, shorter necessary preparation time for a travel including waiting time, reduction of passenger uncomfort caused by the present incomplete automatic ticket checking system etc. The improvement effect has been evaluated.(2) The improvement through realtime individual passenger guidance system can be classified in the following two categories : One is possible also based on the present train operation, the other is first possible through the novel train operation which inherently needs the realtime individual passenger guidance.(3) The former improvement consists of the reduction of psychological burden felt by unexperienced passengers and … More the time reduction and comfort-increase for experienced passengers. The both of them have been evaluated.(4) The major part of the latter advantage is that the novel information system enables the efficient but complex train operations which was prohibited in the conventional systems, e.g., stop at a platform shorter than the train, and temporary train passing during a flexible operation management. The concrete design methods of these operations have been developed and the advantages have been coarsely evaluated.(5) Automatic information collection on detailed traffic demand enables the enhancement of the sitting passenger rate through the rational usage of the transport resource, the improvement of the service, e.g., reduction of the waiting time, and the cost reduction. The effects have been evaluated.(6) Possible hardware has been discussed : In addition to the contactless IC-cards, which were the initial target device of the study, the mobile information devices, e.g., handy phones, PHS, pocket bells and some information toys have been studied.(7) A method for reducing software development unique for transport operators has been proposed. Less