Studies on the Introduction of Wet Endurance in Wild Soybean into Soybean Cultivars.

本研究旨在探讨野生大豆耐湿性能否引入大豆品种。以野生大豆和6种夏季豆科作物幼苗为材料，在旱地和过湿条件下生长14 d，研究了土壤表面下胚轴次生通气组织的形成。在过湿条件下，大豆的下胚轴横切面次生通气面积最大，其次是野生大豆、豇豆和绿豆，其他作物的次之。其中，野生大豆的次生气孔面积与茎柱面积之比最大，其次为大豆，说明大豆的次生气孔形成能力与野生大豆基本相当。干重比（过湿条件下地上部分干重与旱地部分干重之比）与次生通气组织面积在1%水平上呈显著正相关（r=0.738），说明豆科作物次生通气组织形成能力与耐湿性有关。大豆的简历。在生长柜中的塑料盆中种植Asoaogari。对初叶充分展开的幼苗进行淹水，保持水面高于土壤3cm；其中一半在下胚轴覆盖了凡士林和副膜，另一半没有覆盖。处理14 d后，两株下胚轴均发育出白色的次生通气组织和海绵状组织。用体积计测得该部位的空气率约为30%。凡士林和Palafilm处理淹水植株的总干重、顶部干重和根系干重均低于未覆盖淹水植株，而凡士林和Palafilm处理淹水植株的T/R比高于未覆盖淹水植株。说明凡士林和Palafilm处理限制了氧气从地上部分向根系的扩散，使植物在这种条件下无法维持生长。以30个品种的大豆为试验材料，在旱地和过湿条件下生长18 d，研究了土壤表面下胚轴次生通气组织的形成。下胚轴次生通气组织面积和次生通气组织面积与柱状组织面积之比在1%显著水平上存在品种差异，而耐湿性无品种差异。少

This study was conducted to investigate whether it was possible to introduce wet endurance in wild soybean into soybean cultivars.1. The secondary aerenchyma formation in hypocotyl just below the soil surface was investigated by using the young seedlings of wild soybean and six summer leguminous crops grown under upland and excessive moisture conditions for 14 days. The area of secondary aerenchyma per transverse section of hypocotyl under the excessive moisture conditions was largest in soybean followed by wild soybean, cowpea, mung bean and those in the other crops were very small. The ratio of secondary aerenchyma area to stele area was largest in wild soybean and followed by soybean, suggesting that the ability of secondary aerenchyma formation in soybean was almost equivalent to that in wild soybean. Since a significant positive correlation at the 1% level was found between dry weight ratio (the ratio of dry weight of the aerial part under the excessive moisture conditions to that … More under the upland conditions) and the area of secondary aerenchyma under excessive moisture conditions (r=0.738), it is suggested that the ability of secondary aerenchyma formation is related to the wet endurance in leguminous crops.2. Soybean cv. Asoaogari were grown in plastic pots in growth cabinet. Seedlings with fully expanded primary leaves were flooded, keeping water surface at 3cm above the soil level ; half of them were covered with Vaseline and Parafilm in the hypocotyl and the other were not covered. Fourteen days after treatments, in both plants, secondary aerenchyma which is white and spongy tissue developed in hypocotyl. And the rate of vacant air space on this part was about 30% measured by pycnometer. The total, top and root dry weight of flooded plants treated with Vaseline and Parafilm were inferior to that of non-covered ones, while T/R ratio of plants treated with Vaseline and Palafilm was higher than that of non-covered ones. It is suggested that Vaseline and Palafilm treatment restricts the diffusion of oxygen from the aerial part to the roots, so that the growth of plants cannot be maintained under such conditions.3. The secondary aerenchyma formation in hypocotyl just below the soil surface was investigated by using 30 varieties of soybean grown under upland and excessive moisture conditions for 18 days. There were varietal differences in the area of secondary aerenchyma and the ratio of secondary aerenchyma area to stele area in hypocotyl at the 1% significant level, while no varietal differences were detected in wet endurance. Less