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A Comparative Study on the Organizing Processes of Asian and Middle-eastern Rural Districts by the Central Powers in the Inter-war Period

两次世界大战期间同盟国对亚洲和中东农村地区组织过程的比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
10660221
负责人：
MATSUMOTO Takenori
金额：
$ 1.02万
依托单位：
THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO (2000)Kanagawa University (1998-1999)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In the inter-war period, as some Asian and Middle-Eastern districts started their industrialization and urbanization, agrarian problems had also begun to appear. The governments tried to resolve the problems by taking measures to integrate the rural districts and to organize peasants and/or local elites. It is assumed that the characteristics of these measures would eventually have functioned as one of the important factors to differentiate the central-local relations in those nations after the WWII.In this project, three nations are mainly focused on ; one colonized one(Korea)and two dependent nations(China and Iran).In Iran, nation-led industrialization started in 1930s, which doubly depended on landlord system ; firstly, the central government depended politically on socio-political power of the landlords to control the rural districts indirectly, and secondly, the monetary fund for industrialization was mainly supplied by them.The Chinese Nationalist party aimed to develop the urban industry. Their trial, however, did not achieve successfully by facing the interferences by the imperial powers, especially by Japan. As a result, rural china suffered from over-population, which caused the malfunction of traditional resource re-distribution custom. The land revolution strategy of the Communist party was strongly supported by poor peasants.In rural Korea under Japanese colonial rule, traditional local elites, most of whom were resident landlords, were still influential. On the other hand, the colonial power attempted successfully to promote the persons who were willing to be in charge of local administration among upper- or middle-class farm households who experienced 'modern' primary education system.

在两次世界大战期间，随着一些亚洲和中东地区开始工业化和城市化，土地问题也开始出现。政府试图通过采取措施整合农村地区和组织农民和/或地方精英来解决这些问题。据推测，这些措施的特点最终将成为区分二战后这些国家中央与地方关系的重要因素之一。在这个项目中，主要关注三个国家：一个殖民国家(朝鲜)和两个附属国(中国和伊朗)。在伊朗，国家主导的工业化始于20世纪30年代，它双重依赖地主制度；首先，中央政府在政治上依赖地主的社会政治权力间接控制农村地区，其次，工业化的货币资金主要由地主提供。中国国民党的目标是发展城市工业。然而，面对帝国主义列强的干涉，尤其是日本的干涉，他们的审判并没有成功。结果，农村中国饱受人口过剩之苦，传统的资源再分配习俗失灵。共产党的土地革命战略得到了贫苦农民的大力支持。在日本殖民统治下的朝鲜农村，传统的地方精英，其中大多数是居民地主，仍然具有影响力。另一方面，殖民势力试图在经历了“现代”小学教育制度的中上阶层农户中，成功地提拔愿意负责地方行政的人。