Voluntariness and the Repatriation of Human Remains from Colonial Contexts (1970-2021)

该分项目审查了从1970年代至今遣返澳大利亚和美国土著祖先遗骸的全球历史中自愿的含义。它分析了直到今天，后殖民权力关系和自愿在遣返方面是如何相互作用的。此外，报告还表明，遣返做法依附于广泛的社会发展，在过去50年中，遣返土著祖先遗骸已成为一种规范范例。分项目的重点是：第一，土著活动家和博物馆代表之间在1970年代和1980年代遣返澳大利亚和美国土著祖先遗骸方面的冲突。其次，它基于澳大利亚自20世纪80年代末以来的博物馆政策和自1990年以来美国的法律强制遣返，调查了归还土著祖先遗骸的不同影响。第三，讨论了从20世纪90年代初到今天，从英国和德国的博物馆和收藏品中遣返澳大利亚和美国土著祖先遗骸的冲突。从分析上讲，该分项目将侧重于从微观和宏观历史角度处理的选定遣返案例。研究基地包括博物馆档案、土著权利组织的档案记录、口述历史访谈和报纸报道。这一分项目对研究组及其在几个方面的目标的实现至关重要。首先，它有助于从后殖民和全球历史的角度分析自愿性。第二，在最近关于殖民罪行、后殖民责任和遣返的辩论愈演愈烈的背景下，它提请注意自愿的含义。第三，它展示了不断变化的规范-伦理框架如何有助于形成对自愿的理解，并在目前继续这样做。出版结果将包括一本书的出版，一篇期刊文章，以及至少一篇博客文章。

The sub-project examines the meaning of voluntariness within the global history of the repatriation of Australian and US-American Indigenous Ancestral Remains, from the 1970s to the present. It analyzes how postcolonial power relations and voluntariness interact in repatriation contexts up until today. In addition, it shows that repatriation practices are attached to wide-ranging societal developments that have established the repatriation of Indigenous Ancestral Remains as a normative paradigm over the course of the past five decades. The sub-project centers, first, on the conflicts between Indigenous activists and museum representatives regarding repatriations of Indigenous Ancestral Remains in Australia and the United States in the 1970s and 1980s. Second, it investigates the differing implications of the return of Indigenous Ancestral Remains based on museum policies in Australia since the late 1980s and the legally mandated repatriation in the United States since 1990. Third, it discusses the conflicts over the repatriation of Australian and US-American Indigenous Ancestral Remains from British and German museums and collections from the early 1990s until today. Analytically, the sub-project will focus on selected repatriation cases, which are approached from a micro- and macro-historical perspective. The research base consists of museum files, archival records of Indigenous rights organizations, oral history interviews, and newspaper reports. The sub-project is of vital importance for the Research Group and the achievement of its goals in several regards. First, it significantly contributes to the analysis of voluntariness from a postcolonial and global history perspective. Second, it calls attention to the meaning of voluntariness in the context of recently intensified debates on colonial guilt, postcolonial responsibility, and repatriation. Third, it shows how changing normative-ethical frames contributed to the shaping of understandings of voluntariness and continue to do so at the present. Publication results will encompass a book publication, a journal article, and at least one blog post.