A prize competition of the "Academie Royale des Sciences" and the Science in the age of Enlightenment

“皇家科学院”与启蒙时代的科学有奖竞赛

• 批准号: 10680005
• 负责人: KAWASHIMA Keiko
• 金额: $ 1.79万
• 依托单位: Nagoya Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10680005/
• 关键词: The Enlightenment; Academie Royale des Sciences; The Prize Competition of Meslay; Neiutonianism; Women and Science; Encyclopedie; パリ王立科学アカデミー; 王立科学アカデミー; 懸賞論文; 啓蒙時代; Xスレー; 科学制度史

1998 : Among several prize competitions organized by the Paris Royal Academy of Science in 18th century, nine volumes of the Prix de l'Academie (1720-1772) contain only articles presented to a competition founded by Rouille de Meslay. First, I calssified these articles. At Paris, a french collegue suggested that I consult two studies on the prize competition, which pointed out that Meslay's competition continued after 1773.1999 : I made a table of the competiton from 1720 to 1795 with next points : subject, number of articles presented to each year, juges, winners, &c.2000 : Continuation of making the table. I also analysed the history of the Academy and especially payed attention to the competition of 1738 to which only woman had participated.Conclusion : The competition's tendency changed after 1750. In the second half of 18th century, without knowledge of infinitesimal calculation accesible to only a small number of people, it was impossible to solve the questions of physics in this competition. So it diminished a number of participants and limited in fact their occupations. Almost all the winners in this period were either future Academicians or actual corespondent Academicians. In consequence, this study makes clear that institutionalisation and professionalisation of exact science were developped in 18th century.

1998年：在18世纪巴黎皇家科学院组织的几项奖项比赛中，九卷De l'Academie（1720-1772）仅包含有关Rouille de Meslay创立的比赛的文章。首先，我对这些文章进行了处理。在巴黎，一位法国同事建议我咨询了两项有关奖项比赛的研究，该研究指出，梅斯莱的比赛在1773.1999之后继续进行：我从1720年到1795年进行了一张竞争者的表格，下一分：主题，每年介绍的文章数量，juges，juges，winners，＆c.2000：继续制作桌子。我还分析了该学院的历史，尤其要注意只有女性参加的1738年的比赛。结论：比赛趋势在1750年之后发生了变化。在18世纪下半叶，只有少数人就可以在这项竞争中解决无限的计算，而无需少数人就可以解决物理学问题。因此，它减少了许多参与者，实际上他们的职业有限。在此期间，几乎所有获奖者都是未来的院士或实际的核心院士。因此，这项研究清楚地表明，精确科学的制度化和专业化是在18世纪发展的。

项目成果

Keiko KAWASHIMA: "Madame davoisier et la traduction franzaise de l'Essay on phlogiston de Kinean"Revue d'histoire des Sciences. 53・2. 253-263 (2000)

川岛惠子：《达瓦西耶夫人及其关于基尼燃素的法语翻译》Revue dhistoire des Sciences 53・2 (2000)。

Keiko KAWASHIMA: "Madame Lavuisier et la tr*duction francaise de l' Essay on Phlogiston de kirman"Revue d' histoire des sciences. 53(発表予定により未定). (2000)

Keiko KAWASHIMA：“Madame Lavuisier et la tr*duction de l Essay on Phepticon de kirman”Revue dhistoire des sciences 53（根据演示时间表确定）。

川島 慶子: "科学を「書く」女:エミリー・デュ・シャトレと『物理学教程』の誕生"現代思想. 28-2. 226-241 (2000)

Keiko Kawashima：“一位‘书写’科学的女性：Emily du Chatelet 和‘物理课程’的诞生”《当代思想》28-2 (2000)。