A prize competition of the "Academie Royale des Sciences" and the Science in the age of Enlightenment

1998年：在18世纪巴黎皇家科学院组织的几个奖项比赛中，有九卷L学院奖(1720年-1772年)只包含提交给鲁耶·德·梅斯莱创办的比赛的文章。首先，我把这些文章分类了。在巴黎，一位法国大学生建议我查阅两份关于获奖竞赛的研究报告，这两份研究报告指出，梅斯莱的竞赛在1720年之后仍在继续：我制作了一张从1720年到1795年的竞赛表格，并列出了下一步：主题、每年提交的文章数量、胡塞、获奖者和C.2000：继续上榜。并对学院的历史进行了分析，特别是1738年只有女性参加的竞赛。结论：1750年后，竞赛趋势发生了变化。在18世纪下半叶，如果没有只有少数人才能掌握的无穷小计算知识，就不可能在这场比赛中解决物理问题。因此，它减少了许多参与者，实际上限制了他们的职业。这一时期的获奖者几乎都是未来的院士或实际的同行院士。因此，这项研究表明，精确科学的制度化和职业化是在18世纪发展起来的。

1998 : Among several prize competitions organized by the Paris Royal Academy of Science in 18th century, nine volumes of the Prix de l'Academie (1720-1772) contain only articles presented to a competition founded by Rouille de Meslay. First, I calssified these articles. At Paris, a french collegue suggested that I consult two studies on the prize competition, which pointed out that Meslay's competition continued after 1773.1999 : I made a table of the competiton from 1720 to 1795 with next points : subject, number of articles presented to each year, juges, winners, &c.2000 : Continuation of making the table. I also analysed the history of the Academy and especially payed attention to the competition of 1738 to which only woman had participated.Conclusion : The competition's tendency changed after 1750. In the second half of 18th century, without knowledge of infinitesimal calculation accesible to only a small number of people, it was impossible to solve the questions of physics in this competition. So it diminished a number of participants and limited in fact their occupations. Almost all the winners in this period were either future Academicians or actual corespondent Academicians. In consequence, this study makes clear that institutionalisation and professionalisation of exact science were developped in 18th century.