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The Issue of Gender and Scientific Enlightenment in 18th Century Europe

18世纪欧洲的性别问题与科学启蒙

基本信息

批准号：
15510214
负责人：
KAWASHIMA Keiko
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Nagoya Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15510214/
关键词：
Gender Enlightenment Mme du Chatelet Mme Lavoisier Propagation of Newtonianism Mme de Genlis Laula Bassi Fontenelle ピカルデ夫人科学史啓蒙主義ジェンダーと科学ニュートン主義ラヴワジェ夫人

项目摘要

The central question of the enlightenment of sciences in eighteenth century tends two aims : 1) to spread the new scientific theories themselves; 2) to weaken the power of church by the spread of scientific thinking to the public. Of cause, there were various positions. Ones hoped merely to abolish "superstitions", not to destroy the Christianity, others wanted to abolish every religion in the enlightenment of sciences. However, it is a fact without doubt that these movements were crystallized as the Encyclopedia of Diderot and d'Alembert.By the way, what can we consider to bring a viewpoint of gender into the question? When a sender of the enlightenment of sciences is a man and leaders are women, diagram becomes not so simple. In other words, we find the same contradiction in the case of rank. That is, as an author ignores true poverty rank while saying "the human beings," he does not regard female leaders in the same level as men's. A result, the scientific level of their work was limited to a low thing. It is reflection of gender bias of the days.Then when a sender is a woman, what kind of difference appears? In this case, we should consider both her work and her true life. Because of gender norm, some women behaved so carefully in their work, so without knowing her life we can not understand her aim. In this study, we examined several scientific women. It is find that even if various are contents of their enlightenment (from deism to pious Christianity), every women lived her life against the gender norm of the days. In consequent, a woman participating positively to enlightenment of sciences was considered an existence against a gendermodel regardless of their own thought.

十八世纪科学启蒙运动的中心问题有两个目的：一是传播新的科学理论本身；二是传播新的科学理论。 2）通过向公众传播科学思想来削弱教会的权力。当然，有不同的立场。有些人只是希望废除“迷信”，而不是摧毁基督教，另一些人则希望废除科学启蒙运动中的所有宗教。然而，毫无疑问的是，这些运动被具体化为狄德罗和达朗贝尔的百科全书。顺便问一下，我们可以考虑如何将性别观点带入这个问题？当科学启蒙的发送者是男性，领导者是女性时，图表就变得不那么简单了。换句话说，我们在排名的情况下也发现了同样的矛盾。也就是说，正如作者在说“人类”时忽略了真实的贫困等级一样，他并不认为女性领导人与男性处于同一水平。结果，他们的工作的科学水平被限制在很低的程度。这是当今性别偏见的反映。那么当发件人是女性时，会出现什么样的差异呢？既然如此，我们既要考虑她的工作，也要考虑她的真实生活。由于性别规范的原因，一些女性在工作中表现得非常小心，所以如果不了解她的生活，我们就无法理解她的目标。在这项研究中，我们调查了几位科学女性。我们发现，即使她们的启蒙内容各不相同（从自然神论到虔诚的基督教），每个女性的生活都与当时的性别规范背道而驰。结果，积极参与科学启蒙的女性无论自己的想法如何，都被认为是反对性别模式的存在。