Historical and Global Research on History of Sociology of Science and Technology after 1970's

在本研究中，我试图考察20世纪70年代以来科技社会学的几乎所有主要趋势。尤其是David Bloor， Barry Barnes等人倡导的所谓强程序，Michel Callon， Bruno Latour等人倡导的演员网络理论等主要趋势，我首先将我的注意力集中在了这些趋势对科技研究史和社会学的启示上。我认为在这个领域中所谓的“社会建构主义”在20世纪80年代达到了顶峰，而在90年代初，科学家中出现了一些反对科技史社会建构主义的强烈反应。这是1994-1998年科学家和科学研究人员之间的一场著名的激烈争论，尤其是在美国。这场争论被称为科学战争。在科学战争之后，“科学研究”（最近对科学技术史、哲学和社会学的跨学科、跨文化研究的统称）在自身研究目标上出现了一些模糊和犹豫。粗略地说，当代科学研究有两种主要趋势，一种是非常接近科技政策的研究，另一种是科学的文化研究。

In this research, I tried to survey almost all of the main trends of sociology of science and technology after 1970's. Especially, I at first scoped my attention on some main trends such as what they called strong program promoted by David Bloor, Barry Barnes etc., and actor network theory promoted by Michel Callon and Bruno Latour, and analyzed their implications on history and sociology of science and technological research.And I argued that the zenith of what is called "social constructivism" in this domain was attained during 1980's, and that already at the first years of 1990's, emerged some strong reaction among scientists against the social constructivism of history of science and technology. This was a famous and vitriolic controvercy between scientists and sciense studies researchers during about 1994-1998 especially in the United States. And this controvercy was coined Science wars.After the science wars, the "science studies" (recent name for an interdisciplinary and cross cultural studies upon history, philosophy and sociology of science and technology) is suffering from some ambiguity and hesitation of their own aim of study. Roughly speaking, there are two main trends amon contemporary science studies, the one is the studies very close to science and technology policies, and the other is the cultural studies of science.