Historical and Global Research on History of Sociology of Science and Technology after 1970's

在本研究中，我试图对20世纪70年代以来科技社会学的几乎所有主要趋势进行考察。特别是，我一开始把注意力集中在一些主要趋势上，比如他们所说的由大卫布鲁尔、巴里巴恩斯等推动的强有力的计划，和行动者网络理论，并分析了它们对科技研究的历史学和社会学的启示，认为“社会建构主义”在科技研究领域的高峰是在20世纪80年代，而在20世纪90年代初期，科学家们对科技史的社会建构主义产生了强烈的反应。这是1994-1998年间科学家和科学研究者之间的一场著名的激烈争论，尤其是在美国。在科学战争之后，“科学研究”（对科学技术的历史、哲学和社会学的跨学科、跨文化研究的新称）在研究目的上出现了一些模糊和犹豫。当代科学研究大致有两大趋势，一是与科技政策密切相关的科学研究，二是科学的文化研究。

In this research, I tried to survey almost all of the main trends of sociology of science and technology after 1970's. Especially, I at first scoped my attention on some main trends such as what they called strong program promoted by David Bloor, Barry Barnes etc., and actor network theory promoted by Michel Callon and Bruno Latour, and analyzed their implications on history and sociology of science and technological research.And I argued that the zenith of what is called "social constructivism" in this domain was attained during 1980's, and that already at the first years of 1990's, emerged some strong reaction among scientists against the social constructivism of history of science and technology. This was a famous and vitriolic controvercy between scientists and sciense studies researchers during about 1994-1998 especially in the United States. And this controvercy was coined Science wars.After the science wars, the "science studies" (recent name for an interdisciplinary and cross cultural studies upon history, philosophy and sociology of science and technology) is suffering from some ambiguity and hesitation of their own aim of study. Roughly speaking, there are two main trends amon contemporary science studies, the one is the studies very close to science and technology policies, and the other is the cultural studies of science.