Historical and Global Research on History of Sociology of Science and Technology after 1970's

在这项研究中，我试图考察20世纪70年代以来几乎所有的主要科学技术社会学思潮。特别是对大卫·布鲁尔、巴里·巴恩斯等人所倡导的强大纲领、米歇尔·卡隆和布鲁诺·拉图尔所倡导的演员网络理论等主要趋势的关注，并分析它们对科学技术研究的历史和社会学的影响。笔者认为，这一领域所谓的社会建构主义的顶峰是在1980年的S期间，而早在90年代初的S，科学家们对科技史的社会建构主义产生了强烈的反应。在大约1994-1998年间，尤其是在美国，这是一场著名的科学家和科学研究人员之间的激烈争论。这场争论被称为科学战。科学战后，“科学研究”(最近对历史、哲学和科学技术社会学的跨学科和跨文化研究的名称)在自己的研究目标上遇到了一些含糊和犹豫。粗略地说，当代科学研究有两个主要趋势，一个是非常接近科学技术政策的研究，另一个是科学的文化研究。

In this research, I tried to survey almost all of the main trends of sociology of science and technology after 1970's. Especially, I at first scoped my attention on some main trends such as what they called strong program promoted by David Bloor, Barry Barnes etc., and actor network theory promoted by Michel Callon and Bruno Latour, and analyzed their implications on history and sociology of science and technological research.And I argued that the zenith of what is called "social constructivism" in this domain was attained during 1980's, and that already at the first years of 1990's, emerged some strong reaction among scientists against the social constructivism of history of science and technology. This was a famous and vitriolic controvercy between scientists and sciense studies researchers during about 1994-1998 especially in the United States. And this controvercy was coined Science wars.After the science wars, the "science studies" (recent name for an interdisciplinary and cross cultural studies upon history, philosophy and sociology of science and technology) is suffering from some ambiguity and hesitation of their own aim of study. Roughly speaking, there are two main trends amon contemporary science studies, the one is the studies very close to science and technology policies, and the other is the cultural studies of science.