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Interpersonal Perception of Athletes

运动员的人际感知

基本信息

批准号：
10680014
负责人：
MIKI Hiromi
金额：
$ 0.83万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10680014/
关键词：
interpersonal perception athletes opponent impression formation game planing individualization 情報収集

项目摘要

Fiske and Neuberg (1990) proposed a continuum model ranging from primarily category-based to primarily attribute-based processes, through such intermediate processes as subcategorizing, generating a new category, and self-referencing. And the model assumed that the position of the perceiver's impression formation on the continuum was influenced by informational factors such as ease of categorization and motivational factors such as interdependence structures. On a basis of the continuum model, some researches were conducted on impression formation processes of athletes, effects of information and motivation upon the process of forming an impression of an opponent. From the findings the following strategies were suggested for grasping an opponent effectively. It is important to have the largest resource of attention as possible and to choose the least attention-consuming manner which is enough to determine the effective reaction toward the opponent. In order to increase the resource of … More attention it is necessary to have a high motivation relating to the competition, especially a motivation to size up the opponent accurately. Upon encountering the opponent athletes quickly grasp the competence and can not help having an expectancy that it is a competent opponent or a incompetent opponent. Thus it is necessary to actively search for information inconsistent to the expectancy rather than try not to think about the opponent. Until the competition, while you have plenty of time for considering the information, you should gather correct and direct information and integrate them into a correct total impression as possible. Categories used for grasping an opponent should be based on the athlete's repertory of reactions (playing behaviors), and then an impression based on the category would be adequate for the athlete to select an appropriate practicable playing behavior. Systematizing the categories through recognizing differences and similarities among them might facilitate creating sub-categories and new categories quickly. Less

Fiske和Neuberg(1990)提出了一个连续体模型，其范围从主要基于范畴的过程到主要基于属性的过程，通过次范畴、生成新范畴和自我参照等中间过程。该模型假设感知者印象形成在连续体上的位置受信息因素(如归类的容易程度)和动机因素(如相互依赖结构)的影响。在连续统模型的基础上，对运动员的印象形成过程、信息和动机对对手印象形成过程的影响进行了研究。根据研究结果，我们提出了以下策略，以有效地抓住对手。重要的是拥有尽可能多的注意力资源，并选择消耗注意力最少的方式，这足以决定对对手的有效反应。为了增加…的资源更多的注意是有必要有一个与竞争有关的高动机，特别是准确评估对手的动机。运动员一遇到对手，就迅速掌握了对手的能力，不禁产生一种期待，认为是一个称职的对手，还是一个不称职的对手。因此，有必要积极寻找与预期不符的信息，而不是试图不去考虑对手。在比赛之前，虽然你有足够的时间考虑这些信息，但你应该收集正确和直接的信息，并尽可能地将它们整合到一个正确的总体印象中。用来抓住对手的类别应该基于运动员的反应(比赛行为)，然后基于类别的印象将足以让运动员选择适当的可行的比赛行为。通过认识它们之间的异同来对类别进行系统化，可能有助于快速创建子类别和新类别。较少