Application of interdisciplinary approaches of conservation biology to practical environmental education at universities, with special reference to environmental internship and field study programs.

1. 本研究的目的是发展跨学科、实用和解决问题的方法，作为日本大学环境专业学生环境教育的补充和充实，以保护区域和全球范围内的生物多样性。保护生物学的跨学科、实践性和解决问题的性质也适用于环境实习和出国留学项目。美国大学实习情况调查美国大学有着“边做边学”的实践教育传统，而实习是获得实践教育成功有效的途径之一。本文对波士顿地区，特别是波士顿大学生物、能源与环境研究系，环境实习的定义、项目的多样性、学生、学校和组织之间的合作关系、三者的作用、环境实习的教育意义等方面进行了详细的研究。在日本一所大学的环境实习实践。通过结合美国大学实习计划的成功和基本要素，对武藏理工学院环境与信息研究学院的本科生进行了试点环境实习计划。讨论了该项目的教育意义。美国的实地考察项目实地考察项目，尤其是出国留学项目，越来越受到美国大学环境专业学生的欢迎。调查了实地考察项目对学生、教师和大学的好处。在环境研究领域最成功的海外学习项目之一是位于波士顿的实地研究学院（SFS）。4 .对墨西哥下加利福尼亚州热带海岸生态项目进行了实地考察，考察了该项目的组成要素。日本大学生实地项目实践。针对日本大学生开展了两个基于实地的跨学科项目，并开展了试点项目。一是与ISO14001环境管理体系相结合的大学森林保护活动。另一个是澳大利亚热带雨林恢复留学项目。该项目是在凯恩斯雨林研究中心（SFS）的帮助下开发的。讨论了这些野外方案的优点。少

1. Purpose of the projectThe purpose of this research is development of interdisciplinary, practical and problem-solving approaches as supplemental enrichment environmental education for Japanese environmental studies students at universities to conserve biological diversity in regional and global scale. The interdisciplinary, practical and problem -solving nature of conservation biology has applied to environmental internship and study abroad program.2. Survey on internship in the U.S.universities.Since there is a strong tradition of practical education to "learn by doing" in the U.S.universities, and internship is the one of the successful and effective way to obtain practical education. In this research on environmental internship, 1) its definition, 2) diversity of the program, 3) partnership between students, university and organization, 4) role of these three sectors, 5) educational significance of environmental internship were investigated in details in Boston area, especially a … More t Department of Biology, Energy and Environmental Studies of Boston University.3. Practice of environmental internship at a Japanese university.By incorporating successful and essential elements of internship program in the U.S.universities, pilot environmental internship program was conducted for undergraduate students of the Musashi Institute of Technology, Faculty of Environmental and Information Studies. The educational significance of the program was discussed.4. Field study programs in the U.S.Field study programs especially study abroad programs are increasing popularity with environmental studies students in the U.S.universities. The advantages of field study program for students, faculty, and university were investigated. One of the most successful study abroad programs in environmental studies is the School for Field Studies (SFS), based in Boston. The program of Baja California, Mexico on tropical coastal ecology was investigated by staying at the filed campus of the SFS in Baja California and the elements of the program were investigated.5. Practice of field program for Japanese university students.Two of the field based interdisciplinary programs for the Japanese university students have developed and their pilot programs were practiced. One is a university forests conservation activity, which was linked with ISO14001, environmental management system at the university. The other is study abroad program of restoration of tropical rainforest in Australia. The program was developed with the help of the SFS, the Center for Rainforest Studies in Cairns. The advantage of these field programs was discussed. Less