Construction of Frame-Struture Logic Capable of Structural Knowledge Representation and the Semantic Analysis for Natural Language

结构知识表示的框架结构逻辑的构建与自然语言的语义分析

• 批准号: 10680369
• 负责人: NISHIHARA Noritaka
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Yamagata University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10680369/
• 关键词: Logic System; Frame Expression; Knowledge Representation; Semantics; 自然言語意味解析; 完全性; 推論手続き

In this research, we proposed a new type logic system called "Frame-Structure Logic". The proposed logic system has a mathematical semantics. This logic is capable of describing a compound object corresponding to a noun phrase in natural language, class hierarchy between objects and attribute inheritance between objects, as direct relations between symbols. Consequently, Frame-Structure Logic is a formal system which is capable of "structural knowledge representation", similar to natural language or semantic networks. The construction of Frame-Structure Login was done as follows :1.Firstly, we proposed the basic axiom system and its semantics, and proved the completeness theorem and the decidability of this logic.2.Secondly, we introduced object operators of negation and disjunction into Frame-Structure Logic. The extended system can treat compound noun concepts produced by using these object operators, such as "animal and plant" and "Tom, Mary and John".3.In order to enrich the expressive power of the attribute relation, attribute functions and quantifiers were introduced into Frame-Structure Logic. In result, the objects such as students who has all kinds of fruits as the value of the attribute "favorite", and the value of the attribute "pet" for John, can be represented in this logic.4.Finaly, we extended Frame-Structure Logic so that it can treat event objects corresponding to sentences having verb predicates. In predicate logic, verbs are treated as relation symbols, and such sentences are described as propositions. On the other hand, in this extended logic, not only noun phrases but also verbs are treated as objects. Consequently, the meanings of sentences that can't be represented whithout using higher order predicate logic can be described in this logic. We defined the syntax and the mathematical semantics for this logic.

在本研究中，我们提出了一种新型的逻辑系统，称为“框架结构逻辑”。所提出的逻辑系统具有数学语义。该逻辑能够将与自然语言中的名词短语相对应的复合对象、对象之间的类层次结构和对象之间的属性继承描述为符号之间的直接关系。因此，框架结构逻辑是一个形式化的系统，它能够“结构化的知识表示”，类似于自然语言或语义网络。框架结构Login的构造工作如下：1.给出了Login逻辑的基本公理系统及其语义，证明了Login逻辑的完备性定理和可判定性; 2.在Login逻辑中引入了否定和析取对象算子。扩展后的系统可以处理由这些宾语操作符产生的复合名词概念，如“动物和植物”和“汤姆、玛丽和约翰”。3.为了丰富属性关系的表达能力，在框架结构逻辑中引入了属性函数和量词。最后，扩展了框架结构逻辑，使其能够处理含有动词谓词的句子所对应的事件对象。在谓词逻辑中，动词被视为关系符号，这样的句子被描述为命题。另一方面，在这种扩展逻辑中，不仅名词短语，而且动词也被视为对象。因此，如果不使用高阶谓词逻辑就不能表示的句子的意义，可以用高阶谓词逻辑来描述。我们定义了这个逻辑的语法和数学语义。