权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Characteristics of Earthquake Disaster and Problems in Disaster

地震灾害的特点及灾害中存在的问题

基本信息

批准号：
10680442
负责人：
KAGAMI Hiroshi
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10680442/
关键词：
1993 Kushiro-oki Earthquake 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-oki Earthquake 1994 Hokkaido Toho-oki Earthquake Rural area Disaster mitigation program Hokkaido 農漁山村地震災害防災対策

项目摘要

Problems on earthquake disasters in rural area are discussed through the experiences due to recent damaging earthquakes attacked Hokkaido, northern Japan. In the field of earthquake disaster engineering, main concern has been focused on the problems in the densely populated area in large cities. It is obvious that in a large city seismic risk is very high because of concentration of vulnerable structures and complex functions. On the contrary in rural area seismic risk is rather small compared with urbanized area in general but there might be different problems due to the situation of isolation and less population in wide area. From the ratio of area, the chance to be attacked by earthquakes is much higher in rural area than in urbanized area. Therefore the problems in the rural area is also important in the earthquake disaster mitigation programs. In Hokkaido, northern most Japan, we had three large damaging earthquakes in 1993 and 1994. These events attacked not only urbanized area but also more wide rural area and caused much damages in primary industrial area. In this paper, problems on earthquake disasters are discussed through the experiences of three earthquakes. Firstly, reconnaissance reports, various data in local government and organizations, newspapers and related statistics are gathered and rearranged. Secondary, damaging and recovery processes and their effects to local society are revealed for each sector and specified problems in rural area are pointed out. Finally, new approach to the disaster mitigation programs in rural area is indicated.

本文通过对日本北方北海道近年来破坏性地震的经验，讨论了农村地区的地震灾害问题。在地震灾害工程领域，人们主要关注的是大城市人口密集区的地震灾害问题。大城市由于易损建筑物集中、功能复杂，地震危险性很高。相反，农村地区的地震危险性一般比城市化地区小，但由于偏远和人口较少的情况，可能会有不同的问题。从面积比上看，农村地区遭受地震袭击的机会远高于城市地区。因此，农村地区的问题也是防震减灾计划中的重要问题。在日本最北方的北海道，1993年和1994年发生了三次破坏性大地震。这些地震不仅袭击了城市化地区，也波及了更广泛的农村地区，并对初级工业区造成了严重的破坏。本文通过三次地震的经验，对地震灾害问题进行了探讨。首先，搜集整理了实地考察报告、地方政府和机构的各种资料、报纸和相关统计资料。其次，破坏和恢复过程及其对当地社会的影响，揭示了每个部门和农村地区的具体问题。最后，提出了农村减灾规划的新途径。