A Study on the Possibility of Urban Wastewater Reuse for Fire Fighting and Recreational Activities

对于地震发生的城市，供水系统很可能主要在交通运输方面出现故障，任何一种用水需求都需要从其他水源供应，如河流、池塘、废水等。由于这些区域水源在没有额外补充的情况下很容易耗尽，因此不应将其视为流量而应视为存量进行评估。虽然恢复供水系统将主要发挥供水作用，以逐渐增加用水需求，但作为应急的准备工作，需要另一种利用区域存量的方法。然而，从提高供水可靠性的角度比较修复和前期工程的效果，这些都没有讨论。本文研究了在地震应急情况下，如何构建区域供水工程以外的水资源可用性评价模型。地震后的用水需求仅限于消防和生活用水。在需水量和供水量服从独立正态分布的条件下，定义了恢复供水和利用区域水源逐渐增加的需水量和供水量之间质量平衡的概率。通过实例分析，得出了应急供水系统配置与后验供水系统配置之间的无差异曲线。提出了震后需水量预测方法，完善了城市震后消防用水和平时娱乐活动用水的规划方法。

For city struck by earthquake, water work system is likely to fail down mainly in transportation, and the any kind of water demand should be supplied by other water sources, such as river, pond, and wastewater. These regional water sources are to be evaluated as not a flow but a stock because they are easily exhausted without additional replenishment Although restoration of water work system would take main role of water supply for gradually increasing water demand, another way to utilize the regional water stock is required as preliminary work for emergency. However these were no discussion to compare the effect of restoration and preliminary works from a view point of improving water supply reliability. This study dealt with how to compose an evaluation model of availability of regional water stock other than water works in case of earthquake emergency. Water demands after the earthquake are restricted to fire-fighting and domestic water use. Probability of mass balance between gradually increasing water demand and supply both of restoring water work and using regional water stock sources is defined on condition that demand and supply obey independent normal distribution. Case study has shown indifference curve between the equipping regional water stock sources for emergency a priori and the restoring water work system a posterior. Water demand prediction methods after earthquake have also been proposed so to complete the planning methodology of urban water reuse for fire fighting after earthquake and recreational activities in ordinary time.