A Study on the Possibility of Urban Wastewater Reuse for Fire Fighting and Recreational Activities

地震后的城市，供水系统主要在交通运输方面出现故障，任何一种用水需求都要依靠其他水源，如河流、池塘、污水等来满足。这些区域水资源不是一个流量，而是一个存量，因为它们很容易耗尽，没有额外的补充，虽然恢复供水系统将发挥主要作用的供水逐渐增加的水需求，另一种方式来利用区域水资源作为应急准备工作。然而，没有讨论从提高供水可靠性的角度来比较修复和前期工程的效果。研究了如何构建地震应急下区域水资源可利用性评价模型。地震后的用水需求仅限于消防和生活用水。在需求量和供给量服从独立正态分布的条件下，定义了恢复供水工程和利用区域水资源两种情况下逐渐增加的需水量和供给量之间的质量平衡概率。通过实例分析，得出了先验配置区域应急水源与后验恢复供水系统的无差异曲线。提出了震后需水量预测方法，完善了震后消防用水和平时休闲娱乐用水规划方法。

For city struck by earthquake, water work system is likely to fail down mainly in transportation, and the any kind of water demand should be supplied by other water sources, such as river, pond, and wastewater. These regional water sources are to be evaluated as not a flow but a stock because they are easily exhausted without additional replenishment Although restoration of water work system would take main role of water supply for gradually increasing water demand, another way to utilize the regional water stock is required as preliminary work for emergency. However these were no discussion to compare the effect of restoration and preliminary works from a view point of improving water supply reliability. This study dealt with how to compose an evaluation model of availability of regional water stock other than water works in case of earthquake emergency. Water demands after the earthquake are restricted to fire-fighting and domestic water use. Probability of mass balance between gradually increasing water demand and supply both of restoring water work and using regional water stock sources is defined on condition that demand and supply obey independent normal distribution. Case study has shown indifference curve between the equipping regional water stock sources for emergency a priori and the restoring water work system a posterior. Water demand prediction methods after earthquake have also been proposed so to complete the planning methodology of urban water reuse for fire fighting after earthquake and recreational activities in ordinary time.