权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Systems Methodology for Evaluating Environmental Economic Policies and the Effect of Technological Innovation for Protecting Global Warming

评估环境经济政策和技术创新对防止全球变暖的影响的系统方法

基本信息

批准号：
10680545
负责人：
TAMURA Hiroyuki
金额：
$ 1.86万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The objective of this research is to develop systems methodology for evaluating various economic policies for realizing the greenhouse gas emissions reduction target decided in the Kyoto Protocol imposed on the developed countries. The summary of the research performed in each year is as follows:1998: Input-output model for evaluating the effectiveness of carbon tax for regulating the total emission of carbon dioxide is developed.1999: The impact of carbon tax and energy tax on competitiveness is evaluated when we try to attain the reduction target of carbon dioxide decided in the Kyoto Protocol just by carbon tax.2000: Various economic policies for realizing carbon dioxide reduction target are evaluated. For this purpose the input-output model among five major countries is described. It is assumed that the five major countries and Russia join the international emissions trading market, hence Russia is regarded as the country of emissions rights supplier.2001: The influence of the decision of President Bush not to ratify the Kyoto Protocol is evaluated from economics viewpoint. It is found that the influence of USA to the other major developed countries is small from the economics point of view under the international emissions trading. However, the influence to the developing countries may be big.Attaining the reduction target decided in the Kyoto Protocol will induce cost. It is thought that carbon tax will increase the cost of production and will reduce the productivity and hence the ability of the firms to compete in the international market will fall. However, on the contrary to this prediction, it is clarified in this research that Japanese competitiveness in the international market will not fall under the same level of carbon tax and the international emissions trading among major developed countries.

本研究的目的是开发系统的方法来评估各种经济政策，以实现京都议定书中对发达国家施加的温室气体减排目标。1998年：建立了评价碳税调控二氧化碳排放总量有效性的投入产出模型。1999年：当我们试图仅仅通过碳税来实现京都议定书中确定的二氧化碳减排目标时，评估了碳税和能源税对竞争力的影响。2000年：对实现二氧化碳减排目标的各项经济政策进行了评估。为此，本文描述了五个主要国家之间的投入产出模型。假设五大国和俄罗斯加入国际排放交易市场，因此俄罗斯被视为排放权供应国。2001年，从经济学的角度评价了布什总统不批准《京都议定书》的决定所产生的影响。研究发现，在国际排放权交易下，美国对其他主要发达国家的经济影响较小。然而，对发展中国家的影响可能很大。实现《京都议定书》确定的减排目标将带来成本。人们认为，碳税将增加生产成本，降低生产率，从而使企业在国际市场上的竞争能力下降。然而，与这一预测相反，本研究明确了日本在国际市场上的竞争力不会在主要发达国家的碳税和国际排放交易水平相同的情况下下降。