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Studies on methods of reducing thermal pollutionin the urvan area

减少城市地区热污染的方法研究

基本信息

批准号：
10680548
负责人：
SUZUKI Yoshinori
金额：
$ 0.58万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10680548/
关键词：
thermal pollution evaporative cooling phase change latent heat water urban area heat island water retentive ceramic tile

项目摘要

As the artificial environment, the cities are on the opposite side of the nature. Air temperatures in the big city such as Fukuoka and Tokyo have been raised about 2ィイD1゜ィエD1cC in these 100 years. This is the sign of global warming at the last half of 21 century. Those were caused by the increasing energy consumption associated with condensation of human population and the structure of city covered with concrete and asphalt. The later is the replacement of vegetation to concrete, which brought decreasing of evaportranspiration.The purpose of the study is to develop the methods of recovering of minus condition brought by structural changes. I conducted experimental study on the characteristics of ability evaporative cooling using water retentive ceramic tile.The comparisons of surface temperatures among water-retentive ceramic tiles rice plants and the original concrete roof surface were examined on fare summer days. Here, the ceramic tiles were laid horizontally and vertically on the r … More oof of 6 storied building. The temperature difference between those wet ceramics and the original concrete roof surface were about 20ィイD1゜ィエD1cC at noon. Temperatures of wet ceramics and rice plants were nearly equal each other, but their daily time course changed slightly depending on the time, if it was fare, or the amount of solar radiation. Heat balance and radiation balance was analyzed. The wet ceramics could consume most of net radiation by changing into latent heat.Next, I discussed on the folding type of ceramic roof of warehouse, which can extend surface evaporative area comparing with flat type roof. The surface temperatures outer side and inner side were much decreased than the original steel roof, and direction of heat radiation from human body inside the room was reversed at noon. The inner thermal pollution was greatly improved.At the same time, the amount of evaporation of flat and slopes facing south and north are 0.86, 0.74 and 0.46 mm/h respectively. Those values are easily converted into latent heat energy.From the points of the characteristics of heat radiation, wet ceramic roof acts as heat radiation absorber, while the original roof does as heat radiator. Thus, wet ceramics can avoid thermal stress on human body. As the effect of decreasing temperature of flat ceramics is enough, so the folding type is not always needed for open wide area. We can achieve a lot of decreasing of thermal pollution in urban area, if we can apply this method to the city. Less

作为人工环境，城市处于自然的对立面。气温在福冈和东京等大城市了约2ィイD1゜ィエD1cC在这些100年。这是21世纪下半叶全球变暖的迹象。这主要是由于人口密集导致的能源消耗增加以及混凝土和沥青覆盖的城市结构造成的。后者是植被代替混凝土，导致蒸发蒸腾减少。本研究旨在探讨结构变化所带来的负状态的恢复方法。对保水瓷砖的能力蒸发冷却特性进行了实验研究。在夏季对保水瓷砖、水稻和原混凝土屋顶表面的温度进行了比较。在这里，瓷砖水平和垂直地铺设在6层楼的屋顶上。在中午，湿陶瓷与原混凝土屋面表面的温差约为20 D1cC。湿陶瓷和水稻植株的温度几乎相等，但它们的日时间轨迹会随着时间（如果是天气）或太阳辐射量的变化而略有变化。分析了热平衡和辐射平衡。湿态陶瓷可以通过转化为潜热来消耗大部分净辐射。其次，我对仓库陶瓷屋顶的折叠式进行了讨论，与平面屋顶相比，折叠式屋顶可以扩大表面蒸发面积。室外和室内的表面温度都比原来的钢屋顶低很多，室内人体的热辐射方向在中午发生了反转。内部热污染得到了很大的改善。与此同时，平坡和坡面南北向的蒸发量分别为0.86、0.74和0.46 mm/h。这些值很容易转化为潜热能。从热辐射特性来看，湿式陶瓷屋面作为热辐射吸收体，而原屋面作为热辐射散热器。因此，湿陶瓷可以避免对人体的热应力。由于平板陶瓷的降温效果已经足够，所以对于开阔的区域，并不一定需要折叠式。如果将该方法应用于城市，可以在很大程度上减少城市热污染。少