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Studies on methods of reducing thermal pollutionin the urvan area

减少城市地区热污染的方法研究

基本信息

批准号：
10680548
负责人：
SUZUKI Yoshinori
金额：
$ 0.58万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10680548/
关键词：
thermal pollution evaporative cooling phase change latent heat water urban area heat island water retentive ceramic tile

项目摘要

As the artificial environment, the cities are on the opposite side of the nature. Air temperatures in the big city such as Fukuoka and Tokyo have been raised about 2ィイD1゜ィエD1cC in these 100 years. This is the sign of global warming at the last half of 21 century. Those were caused by the increasing energy consumption associated with condensation of human population and the structure of city covered with concrete and asphalt. The later is the replacement of vegetation to concrete, which brought decreasing of evaportranspiration.The purpose of the study is to develop the methods of recovering of minus condition brought by structural changes. I conducted experimental study on the characteristics of ability evaporative cooling using water retentive ceramic tile.The comparisons of surface temperatures among water-retentive ceramic tiles rice plants and the original concrete roof surface were examined on fare summer days. Here, the ceramic tiles were laid horizontally and vertically on the r … More oof of 6 storied building. The temperature difference between those wet ceramics and the original concrete roof surface were about 20ィイD1゜ィエD1cC at noon. Temperatures of wet ceramics and rice plants were nearly equal each other, but their daily time course changed slightly depending on the time, if it was fare, or the amount of solar radiation. Heat balance and radiation balance was analyzed. The wet ceramics could consume most of net radiation by changing into latent heat.Next, I discussed on the folding type of ceramic roof of warehouse, which can extend surface evaporative area comparing with flat type roof. The surface temperatures outer side and inner side were much decreased than the original steel roof, and direction of heat radiation from human body inside the room was reversed at noon. The inner thermal pollution was greatly improved.At the same time, the amount of evaporation of flat and slopes facing south and north are 0.86, 0.74 and 0.46 mm/h respectively. Those values are easily converted into latent heat energy.From the points of the characteristics of heat radiation, wet ceramic roof acts as heat radiation absorber, while the original roof does as heat radiator. Thus, wet ceramics can avoid thermal stress on human body. As the effect of decreasing temperature of flat ceramics is enough, so the folding type is not always needed for open wide area. We can achieve a lot of decreasing of thermal pollution in urban area, if we can apply this method to the city. Less

城市作为人工环境，是自然的对立面。福冈和东京等大城市的气温在这100年里上升了约2摄氏度。这是21世纪后半叶全球变暖的标志。这些都是由于与人口压缩和混凝土和沥青覆盖的城市结构相关的能源消耗增加造成的。后者是植被对混凝土的替代，使蒸散量减少，本研究的目的是发展由结构变化带来的负条件的恢复方法。本文对保水陶瓷瓦的蒸发冷却特性进行了实验研究，在夏季对保水陶瓷瓦、水稻植株和原混凝土屋面的表面温度进行了比较。在这里，瓷砖水平和垂直地铺设在r ...更多信息 6层楼的建筑。中午时分，这些湿陶瓷与原始混凝土屋顶表面之间的温差约为20摄氏度D1摄氏度D1摄氏度。湿陶和水稻植株的温度几乎相等，但它们的日变化过程略有变化，这取决于时间，如果是票价，或太阳辐射量。分析了热平衡和辐射平衡。潮湿的陶瓷材料可以将大部分的净辐射转化为潜热消耗掉。其次，对仓库的折叠式陶瓷屋顶进行了探讨，与平屋顶相比，折叠式陶瓷屋顶可以扩大表面蒸发面积。室外和室内的表面温度都比原钢屋盖降低了很多，室内人体的热辐射方向在中午时发生了逆转。同时，平原和南北坡的蒸发量分别为0.86、0.74和0.46 mm/h。从热辐射特性来看，湿陶瓷屋面是热辐射吸收体，而原屋面是热辐射体。因此，湿陶瓷可以避免对人体的热应力。由于平板陶瓷的降温效果已经足够，所以对于大面积的开放区域，并不总是需要折叠式。如果将这种方法应用到城市中，可以大大减少城市热污染。少