Studies on ecological genetics of annual grass (Aegilops spp.) in the Eastern Mediterranean Areas.

东地中海地区一年生草本植物（Aegilops spp.）的生态遗传学研究。

• 批准号: 10836011
• 负责人: KAWAHARA Taihachi
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10836011/
• 关键词: Genetic diversity; wild relatives of wheat; isozyme; Aegilops; Genetic resource; East Mediterranean Areas; アロザイム; 生態遺伝学; 染色体構造変異

1) Several methods including chromosome pairings in hybrids and C-banding were used to detect chromosomal polymorphism in species belonging to Section Sitopsis of Aegiops. However, new data could not be added to the previous reports.2) Genetic variation was studied using isozymes in five Aegilops species of Sect. Sitopsis. The results indicated that they were classified into two groups, one consists of Ae. Speltoides and the other contains four species, Ae. Bicornis, Ae. Longissima, Ae. Searsil and Ae. Sharonensis.3) Standard procedure for isozyme experiments including gel and electrode buffers and staining methods were established. This method covers 26 enzymes and can be used in all the Aegilops and Triticum species.4) Genetic variation at 21 enzyme loci was studied in Aegilops comosa and Ae. Uniaristata, the two species belonging to section Comopyrum of Aegiops. In Ae. Comosa, the mean number of alleles per locus was 2.00 and the proportion of polymorphic loci was 0.667 ; in Ae. Uniaristata they were 1.19 and 0.143, respectively. The two species were genetically distant from each other (I=0.561) supporting the previously assigned different genome symbols, M and N.5) Genetic variation at 15 enzyme loci was studied in gene bank accessions of Aegilops umbellulata the diploid genome donor to all the polyploid species of the section Aegilops of Aegilops. The number of alleles per locus (A=2.01) and the proportion of polymorphic loci (P=0.627) were similar to those of the other species of Aegilops so far reported. Genetic distances calculated from isozyme variations among five regions revealed that accessions from the Greek Islands are more distantly related to the other four continental regions, Iran and Iraq, Southeast Turkey, Central Turkey and South and West Turkey.

1)利用杂交染色体配对和c带带等方法对拟南芥Sitopsis科属种的染色体多态性进行了检测。但是，以前的报告不能增加新的数据。2)利用同工酶对五种海苔属植物的遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明，它们可分为两类，一类是伊蚊；另有四种属，属；Bicornis, Ae。对,Ae。Searsil和Ae。3)建立了同工酶实验的标准程序，包括凝胶和电极缓冲液以及染色方法。该方法涵盖了26种酶，适用于所有禾草和小麦品种。4)在21个酶位点进行了遗传变异研究。菊苣属，属菊科共属科两种。在Ae。平均每个位点的等位基因数为2.00个，多态性位点比例为0.667个；在Ae。单株分别为1.19和0.143。两种遗传距离较远（I=0.561），支持了先前分配的不同基因组符号M和n。5)研究了二倍体基因组供体伞形Aegilops （Aegilops of Aegilops of Aegilops）所有多倍体种的伞形Aegilops基因库中15个酶位点的遗传变异。每个位点的等位基因数（A=2.01）和多态性位点比例（P=0.627）与已有报道的其他种属相似。根据5个地区间同工酶变异计算的遗传距离显示，来自希腊群岛的物种与其他4个大陆地区（伊朗和伊拉克、土耳其东南部、土耳其中部、土耳其南部和西部）的亲缘关系更远。