STUDIES ON GENETIC VATIATION IN RELATIVES OF WHEAT USING MOLECULAR MARKERS

a.同工酶：对三种天蚕进行了同工酶分析。在Ae。发现了伞形植物酶位点的地理变异。来自爱琴海群岛的植物与来自土耳其和伊朗的植物在形态上存在差异。AFLP：成功地对普通小麦及其祖先、二粒小麦和小麦进行了AFLP分析。tauschii。我们分别清楚地发现了一群macha和spelta。而雄云和密闭云形成一个团簇。cpDNA指纹图谱：我们检测了叶绿体DNA中24个SSR位点。我们在普通小麦中发现了两个母系，这表明普通小麦至少有两次独立起源。通过对野生和栽培埃默尔的cpDNA比较，我们认为栽培埃默尔的诞生地在土耳其东南部。野生Emmer也起源于Ae的杂交。本地区的石斛和小麦。新标记的开发：为了开发可用于小麦及其近缘种的新分子标记，我们研究了最近在小麦中发现的SINE序列的特征。umbellulata。我们克隆了来自几种小麦和羊蹄草的120多个序列。其中30个通过无处理分析分配到普通小麦的染色体上。野生种群调查：Kawahara、Mari和Yasui于2001年在叙利亚、土耳其和希腊进行了为期一个月的初步实地调查。在这次旅行中，在希腊的爱琴海岛屿上收集了小麦的野生近缘种种子。2002年，Mori研究了土耳其东南部小麦野生祖先的分布。

a. Isozyme: Analysis of isozymes were nude in three species of Aegilops. In Ae. umbellulata, geographical cline of enzyme loci was found. Morphological differentiation was detected between accessions from Aegean Islands and those from Turkey and Iran.b. AFLP: AFLP analysis was successfully made in common wheat and its ancestors, emmer wheat and Ae. tauschii. We found clearly a cluster of macha and spelta, respectively. While, aestivum and comopactum formed one claster.c. Fingerprinting of cpDNA: We examined 24 SSR loci in chloroplast DNA. We found two maternal lineages in common wheat indicating that common wheat has originated independency at least twice. From the comparison of cpDNA of wild and cultivated Emmer, we concluded that the birthplace of cultivated Emmer is Southeastern Turkey. Wild Emmer also originated through hybridization of Ae. speltoides and Triticum urarutu in this area.d. Development of new markers: In order to develop novel molecular markers available for wheat and its relatives, we studied characteristics of SINE sequence that we recently found in Ae. umbellulata. We cloned more than 120 sequences from several species of Triticum and Aegilops. Of these, 30 were allocated to chromosomes of common wheat by nulli-treat analysis.e. Survey of Wild Populations: Kawahara, Mari and Yasui made prelominary field survey in Syria, Turkey and Greece for one month in 2001. During this trip, seeds of wild relatives of wheat were collected in Aegean islands of Greece. In 2002, Mori examined the distribution of wild ancestors of Emmer wheat in Southeastern Turkey.