Antimatter Science using Antiprotons

该项目旨在利用CERN建造的反原托里减速机（AD）的反质子（p^^-）进行各种跨学科研究（1999年底完工，比原计划推迟了一年，并于2000年（夏季）开始服务），从而创造了反物质科学的新领域。在项目的前半期，我们在AD进行了基础设施的建设和实验设备的开发，包括1)射频四极反质子减速机（RFQD）， 2)高精度单能超慢反质子源（MUSASHI）， 3)反质子原子光谱激光系统，4)反质子湮灭探测器，5)低温气体靶，6)数据采集和分析系统。7)反氢（H^^-）合成与检测系统。下半学期，我们进行了大量的开发实验。主要成果有：1)反氢原子的成功量产；2)反质子氦（p^^- he ^+）原子的高分辨率激光光谱对反质子质量的精确测定；3)反质子的RFQD高效减速；4)激光微波光谱对p^^- he ^+和p^^-磁矩超精细结构的测量；5)MUSASHI对p^^-的高效捕获和超冷p^^-(~ 10eV)的萃取。(6) p^^-He^+低温化学隧穿观察。其中，反氢原子的大规模生产是即将到来的针对CRT测试的高精度H^^-光谱的突破，而利用RFQD和MUSASHI提取超冷p^^-的成功是低能碰撞实验的关键技术。在反质子原子的理论研究中，量子三体计算的精度得到了很大的提高，p^^-质量的测定精度达到了~ 10^<-8>，并发明了反质子原子形成的全量子力学处理方法。学期末，我们在横滨组织了低能反质子物理国际会议（LEAP'03）。少

This project aimed at performing a variety of interdisciplinary studies using antiprotons(p^^-) from Antiprotori Decelerator (AD) constructed at CERN (completed in the end of 1999 with one year delay with respect to the original plan and started service in 2000 (summer) and hence creating a new field of antimatter science.In the first half of the research project term, we constructed infrastructures at AD and developed experimental apparatus, which include 1) Radio Frequency Quarupole antiproton Decelerator (RFQD), 2) Monoenergetic Ultra Slow Antiproton Source for High-precision Investigations (MUSASHI), 3) laser system for antiprotonic atom spectroscopy, 4) antiproton annihilation detector, 5) low temperature gas target, 6) data acquisition and analysis system, and 7) antihydrogen(H^^-) synthesis and detection system.In the second half of the term, numerous development experiments were performed. The major achievements are 1) success in mass production of antihydrogen atoms, 2) high p … More recision determination of antiprotonic mass through high resolution laser spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium(p^^-He^+) atoms, 3) efficient deceleration of antiprotons using RFQD, 4) measurement of hyperfine structure of p^^-He^+ and p^^- magnetic moment by laser-microwave spectroscopy, 5) efficient trapping of p^^- and extraction of ultracold p^^-(〜 10eV) by MUSASHI, and 6) observation of tunneling in low temperature chemistry of p^^-He^+.Among other things, mass production of antihydrogen atoms is a breakthrough toward forthcoming high precision H^^- spectroscopy aiming at CRT test and the success in extraction of ultracold p^^- by RFQD and MUSASHI is a key technique for low energy collision experiments.In the theoretical investigation of antiprotonic atom, precision in quantum three-body calculation has been much improved and p^^- mass was determined with a high precision (〜10^<-8>) and a full quantum-mechanical treatment of antiprotonic atom formation was invented.At the end of the term we organized the International Conference on Low Energy Antiproton Physics (LEAP'03) at Yokohama. Less