Neurohormonal control of the instinctive behavior in the male cricket.

雄蟋蟀在遇到同种雌蟋蟀时表现出刻板的性行为和对雄蟋蟀的攻击行为。为了了解本能行为的神经元和激素机制，研究了影响性动机和攻击动机的因素。行为分析和神经生化实验表明，雄性蟋蟀至少有两种来自大脑和胸椎神经节的神经激素相互控制性行为的激发，并在交配序列中提供适当的间隔。章鱼胺和血清素可能是这些神经激素的候选者。另一方面，为了调查攻击行为，将一些蟋蟀隔离在透明的案例中（互联网蟋蟀），而其他蟋蟀则保持拥挤。在拥挤的蟋蟀之间的战斗中，它们中的大多数很快就表现出了优势-从属的相互作用。另一方面，在孤立个体之间的打斗中，更激烈的打斗经常被观察到。在孤立与拥挤的战斗中，大多数孤立的蟋蟀在与两个孤立的蟋蟀的战斗一样激烈的水平上获胜。战斗的侵略性和持续时间取决于隔离的时间。特别是网络蟋蟀表现出了异常的攻击性。交配行为是在想象羽化后发展起来的。孤立雄虫在想像羽化后6天成熟，而拥挤雄虫在想像羽化后3天成熟。尽管群居的雄蟋蟀从不攻击雌蟋蟀，但网蟋蟀却以异常的攻击性攻击雌蟋蟀。网蟋蟀对雌蟋蟀的攻击持续到想象羽化后3天，6天后消失。网络蟋蟀的攻击性异常表明，触觉交流在其攻击和交配行为的发展中起着重要作用。攻击行为的神经生化分析表明，生物胺在大脑中的分布依赖于社会经验，构成了攻击行为的基础。少

Male field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus exhibit stereotyped sexual behavior when they encounter conspecific females and aggressive behavior against males. To understand the neuronal and hormonal mechanism of the instinctive behavior, the factors affecting sexual and aggressive motivation were investigated. Behavioral analysis and neurobiochemical experiments revealed that at least two neurohormones from the brain and the mesothoracic ganglion reciprocally control the elicitation of the sexual behavior and provide an appropriate interval in the mating sequence of the male cricket. Octopamine and serotonin are possible candidates for these neurohormones. On the other hand, in order to investigate the aggressive behavior, some of crickets were isolated in transparent cases (Internet crickets) and others remained crowded. In the fights between crowded crickets, most of them quickly exhibited dominance- subordinance interactions. On the other hand, in the fights between isolated ones, prolo … More nged intense fights were frequently observed. In the fights of isolated versus crowded, most isolated crickets won at the level as intense as the fights of both isolated ones. The aggressiveness and the duration of fights were dependent on the period of isolation. In particular, Internet crickets exhibited abnormal aggressiveness. The mating behavior developed after imaginal eclosion. Isolated males matured 6 days after imaginal eclosion, whereas crowded ones matured 3 days. Although crowded males never attacked females, Internet crickets attacked them with abnormal aggressiveness. The attack of Internet crickets to females continued until 3 days after imaginal eclosion and disappeared 6 days after. Abnormal aggressiveness of the Internet cricket suggests that the tactile communication play an important role in the development of their aggressive and mating behavior. Neurobiochemical analysis of the aggressive behavior suggests that the distribution of biogenic amines in the brain depends upon the social experience and composes the basis of aggressiveness. Less