INVESTIGATION OF THE BRAIN FUNCTION OF THE VARIOUS KINDS OF DISORDERD SUBJECTS BY COMPLETE NONINVASIVE BRAIN MAPPING TECHNIQUE

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The purpose of this study, started since 1999, is to gain valid informations about the brain activity of the several kinds of disordered subjects in order to facilitate the education, rehabilitation, and recovery of function by using newly developed completely noninvasive brain mapping technique, optical topography. The optical topography is a new measurement method for functional imaging of brain activity accompanied by regional concentration changes in oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin in the cerbral cortex. Optical topography has several advantages compared with other functional imaging techniques such as PET, fMRI, and MEG, mainly portability and decreased sensitivity to subject movement. Since this study is one of the earliest studies putting the optical topography to practical use, accumulating the fundamental data about applicability of this technique to the disordered subjects was the important factor of this study.1. Brain activity during finger tapping was measured by optic topography and fMRl and it was found that the center of the activation area obtained by using optical topography is displaced by less than 15 mm from that obtained by using fMRI.2. It is found that the near infra red rays used by the optical topography is completely noninvasive to human skin and it is confirmed that the optical topography is applicable to human infants.3. The brain activity of occipital lobe of the sleeping newborn infants by using optical topography and it was found that there was spatially synchronizing spontaneous oscillation of the blood flow.4. The brain activity of the normal adults during making grammatical judgements and spatial judgements by using optical topography and it was found that total hemoglobin increased to Broca's area when subjects made grammatical judgements.