Development of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar System for Precise Displacement Measurement of Rock Wall

本研究旨在研制一种使用5-6 GHz微波的地面合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统，用于精确测量岩石围岩的位移。我们已经开发了一个合成孔径雷达系统的原型，并对其性能进行了实验评估。利用微分干涉函数可以检测到几毫米量级的位移。极化函数对于区分建筑物和树木等雷达目标是有效的。然后，我们将SAR算法应用于其他雷达应用，包括探地雷达(GPR)和地雷探测。(1)硬件开发。它实现了干涉测量和偏振测量功能。研制了用于地雷探测的天线定位器。(2)研制了合成孔径雷达成像信号处理软件。本研究采用F-k偏移和衍射叠加的方法。(3)对所开发的系统进行了评价。在空中，我们可以探测到距离雷达系统约30米的目标。并将该算法应用于探地雷达。在探雷方面，讨论了用雷达干涉法消除地面反射的方法。

This research aims at development of a ground-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system using 5-6 GHz microwave for precise measurement of displacement of rock wall. We have developed a proto-type of the SAR system and experimentally evaluated its performance. A displacement of the order of a few mm could be detected by Differential Interferometric function. Polarimetric function was effective for discrimination of radar targets such as buildings and trees.Then we have applied the SAR algorithms to other radar applications including Ground Penetrating radar (GPR) and detection of land mines.(1) Hardware developmentWe constructed a ground-based SAR system with dual polarization antennas. It achieves Interferometric and Polarimetric functions. An antenna positioner for land mine detection was developed.(2) Signal processing software developmentSoftware for SAR imaging was developed. F-k migration and diffraction stacking were used in this study.(3) Evaluation of the developed systemThe developed system was evaluated. In the air, we could detect targets about 30 m from the radar system. We also applied the algorithm for GPR. As for land mine detection, we discussed to remove the ground surface reflection by radar interferometry.