Research of the Structural Change of Urban Communities after the Great Disaster

大灾后城市社区结构变迁研究

• 批准号: 11610184
• 负责人: YOKOTA Naotoshi
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Yamaguchi University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11610184/
• 关键词: Disaster; The Great Hanshin-Awaji Quake; The Reconstruction Phase; Community; Inner city; Community Action Program; 鳥取県西部地震; 地域社会変動; 地域住民組織; 災害

In this research, I have tried to analyze the organized reaction to great disaster on community level, and the structurally changing processes of urban communities after disaster, mainly with a focus on the Great Hanshin-Awaji Quake. Main findings are as follows.(1) In some communities where many residents had participated in various organized action programs before disaster, altruistic action of residents helped to reduce disaster damage to themselves in post-impact emergency period and following restoration. Crisis management of community can be successful when it is organized well before disaster.(2) Right after disaster, many aged leaders in damaged communities evacuated to safer areas. So, neighborhood associations stopped their functioning. In the restoration phase, many middle-aged new leaders emerged in damaged communities, and they, who had been vital members of some voluntary associations, tried to take the place of aged. In the reconstruction phase, new community-based associations have been gradually organized. In these associations, residents have argued and tried to agree about community reconstruction programs after disaster. In spite of such efforts, most of all action programs to reconstruct communities have been largely reduced in the prolonged reconstruction processes.

本研究以坂神淡路大地震为研究对象，分析了社区层面对重大灾害的组织反应，以及灾后城市社区的结构变化过程。主要调查结果如下。(1)在一些社区中，许多居民在灾前参加了各种有组织的行动计划，居民的利他行为有助于减少灾害后的紧急时期和恢复后对自己的损害。社区危机管理只有在灾害发生前组织好，才能取得成功。(2)灾难发生后，许多受损社区的老年领导人撤离到更安全的地区。因此，邻里协会停止了运作。在恢复阶段，许多中年新领导人出现在受损社区，他们曾是一些志愿协会的重要成员，试图取代老年人。在重建阶段，逐步组织了新的社区协会。在这些协会中，居民们争论并试图就灾后社区重建计划达成一致。尽管作出了这些努力，但在长期的重建过程中，大多数重建社区的行动方案都大大减少。