History of Cultural-Educational Exchange between Japan and Britain, mainly focused on technical transfer and cultural exchange between Japan and Scotland

1. 在日本近代教育的萌芽时期（德川幕府和明治时代末期），英国教育信息的介绍渠道很多。除其他事项外，下列事项值得注意：(1)聘请英国教师，(2)派遣日本学生到英国，(3)岩仓使团考察英国，(4)引进英国文学。这些渠道可能为日本教育的现代化做出了巨大的贡献，为日本教育的自我维护做出了巨大的贡献。由于日本和英国之间的教育交流和关系确实包含了很多方面，所以我们把重点放在了日本和苏格兰的技术和艺术教育上。在日本现代化的羽毛未丰的时代，以一个国家的财富和军事实力以及对新兴工业的鼓励为目标，特别是以英国为大榜样。在培养实用科学人才方面，日本与苏格兰的关系是全英最密切的。具体分析了技术转移和文化交流历史的几个方面；(1)邀请聘请的教师和工程师，特别是代尔·亨利和r·h·布伦顿；(2)派遣日本学生到英国，特别是南清、胡泽三章、夏目、川正孝；(3)岩仓使团考察英国；(4)引进英国的技术和经济文献。在两国之间，可以看到这种密切的个人交流。除此之外，亨利·戴尔（Henry Dyer）聘请了一名教师，将他在日本获得的技术教育经验带回苏格兰，并在格拉斯哥实施了新的教育，还有一些英国艺术家从Kyosai Kawanabe那里学习了日本绘画，并将其带回了自己的祖国。这种研究日本反作用的视角，甚至可以为研究与英国以外的各国的互通史提供启示。少

1. There were many channels of introducing the information about British education in the fledging era of modern education of Japan (at the end of the Tokugawa shogunate and Meiji era). Among other things, the followings merit attention ; (1)inviting of hired British teachers, (2)sending of Japanese students to Britain, (3)inspecting of Great Britain by Iwakura Mission and (4)importing of British literature. These channels probably rendered great services in the modernisation and standing up for herself of Japanese education.2. Since the educational interchange and relationship between Japan and Britain do contain a wide variety of aspects, we focused on technical and art education in Japan and Scotland. In the fledging era of the modernization of Japan, the wealth and military strength of a nation and the encouragement of new industry were set as goals and in particular Britain was set as a big model. In the aspect of fostering human resources for practical science, the relationship b … More etween Japan and Scotland was the closest in Great Britain.Some aspects on the history of technological transfer and cultural exchange were concretely analyzed ; (1)inviting of the hired teachers and engineer, especially Dyer Henry and R. H. Brunton, (2)sending of Japanese students to Britain, especially Kiyoshi Minami, Sampachi Hukuzawa, Soseki Natsume and Masataka Tkwtsuru, (3)inspecting of Britain by Iwakura Mission and (4)importing of British literature on technology and economics.3. Between two countries, such a close personal intrerchange could be observed. Among other things, a hired teachers Henry Dyer brought technological education experiences he had gained in Japan back to Scotland and implemented new education in Glasgow, and also some English artists took lessons in Japanese painting from Kyosai Kawanabe brought it back to his home country. This perspective of studying counter effect from Japan can help to give hints even to studies on the history of interchanges with various countories other than Great' Britain. Less