Social and Educational Significance of "Social Activitiers" in English Mechanics' Institutes

英国力学学院“社会活动”的社会教育意义

• 批准号: 08610252
• 负责人: KATOH Shoji
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: NAGOYA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08610252/
• 关键词: Mechanics' Institute; Manchester Mechanics' Institution; Benjamin Heywood; Rational Recreation; Exhibition; Excursion; Social Gatherings; Social Control; 娯楽; 親睦事業; 余暇の社会史; レジャーの社会史; ベンジャミン・ヘ-ウッド

(1) Many attempts to change the activities in English Mechanics' Institutes were tried from 1830 onwards, One of which was the development of facilities for recreation usually with an educational bias. The largest amount of sound instruction was combined with the largest amount of cheap and innocent amusements : exhibition, recreation mainly by trains, musical entertainments, tea or coffee parties. An element of entertainment crept into the educational programme.(2) Manchester Mechanics' Institution passed through the typical phases of early difficulties and later changes in outlook and its works. From 1830 the broading of educational policy can be observed and increasingly the stress was placed in the wider social activities. Noteworthy such trend was more closely associated with the expressed ideas of Benjamin Heywood who had initiative of the Mechanics' Institution as a president for 1825-1840. As his Addresses Delivered at the Manchester Mechanics' Institution (1843) shows, he became to have a view to advancing his policy of combining relaxation and amusements with communication of knowledge which was the main purpose at the inauguration of the Mechanics' Institution.(3) Social activities has an important meanings from educational and social viewpoints ; to afford rational amusements to the members, to familialise the polite taste among people, and to promote the social harmony in the society.

(1)从1830年起，英国机械师学会尝试了许多改变活动的尝试，其中之一是发展娱乐设施，通常带有教育偏见。最多的声音教学与最多的廉价和无害的娱乐活动相结合：展览、主要由火车进行的娱乐、音乐娱乐、茶话会或咖啡会。一种娱乐的元素悄悄地进入了教育计划。(2)曼彻斯特机械学院经历了早期困难和后来世界观和作品变化的典型阶段。从1830年开始，可以观察到教育政策的演变，并越来越多地将重点放在更广泛的社会活动上。值得注意的是，这种趋势与本杰明·海伍德所表达的思想更紧密地联系在一起，海伍德在1825-1840年担任机械学会主席期间提出了这一倡议。正如他在曼彻斯特机械学会(1843年)发表的演讲所表明的那样，他开始着眼于推动他的放松和娱乐与知识交流相结合的政策，这是机械学会成立时的主要目的。(3)从教育和社会的角度来看，社会活动具有重要意义；为成员提供理性的娱乐，熟悉人们的礼貌品味，促进社会和谐。