Trade System of Mongolia in the Ch'ing Dynasty

清代蒙古贸易体系

• 批准号: 11610376
• 负责人: MORIKAWA Tetsuo
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11610376/
• 关键词: Chinese merchants in Mongolia; Da-sheng-kui; Gui-hua-cheng; Sui-yuan-cheng; Sui-yuan-tong-zhi-gao; rhubarb; Kyakhta; 山西商人; 北京商人; 庫倫; 庫倫商会山西荘衆商号名冊; 売買城; 綏遠; 売買域

The purpose of this study is to investigate the trade system of Mongolia by the Chinese merchants in Mongolia (***) during the Ch'ing dynasty. From ancient times, nomads of Northern Asia cannot live only by products of themselves, so they imported many things produced by Southern farmers. But from when the Ch'ing dynasty conquered Mongolia in 17th century, the boundary between China and Mongolia had disappeared. From that times, many Chinese merchants made inroads into Mongolia. Since then the economic conditions of Mongolia greatly changed and many commercial cities were constructed in various places, particularly Huhhot of Inner Mongolia became its center. In recent years, the study on the trade system of Mongolia is paid attention to many Mongolists, so many researches were published from various viewpoints.I did several investigations of materials on this theme at many domestic and Inner Mongolia's institutes during past three years and could collect many valuable materials. Based … More on those materials and other data, I carried out my studies on this theme, could find several new facts. One of them is the problem of trade of rhubarb. Rhubarb from China were much exported to Russia via Kyakhta in Ch'ing period. But the Ch'ing government closed the Kyakhta market and forbade to export rhubarb to Russia for the reason that Russia committed irregularities to China. Resulted from this, smuggling rhubarb out to Russia increased very much, the Ch'ing government had difficulty in controlling it. Next problem is that the salt from Alashan of Inner Mongolia was illegally exported to the northern part of China. When it was detected that the Wang of Alashan illegally exported the salt to China through Shanxi merchants, the Ch'ing government prohibited the Wang of Alashan from illegal trade. Beside these problems, I investigated the activities of Chinese merchants in Ikh khulee (now Ulanbator) and the reasons of degeneration of their activities in Mongolia about early in the 20th century. Less

这项研究的目的是调查孟加拉王朝期间蒙古商人（***）的蒙古贸易体系。从远古时代开始，北亚的游牧民族不能仅由自己的产品生活，因此他们进口了南方农民生产的许多东西。但是从奇恩王朝在17世纪征服蒙古时，中国和蒙古之间的界限消失了。从那时起，许多中国商人进入了蒙古。从那以后，蒙古的经济状况是在各个地方建造的，尤其是内蒙古的Huhhot成为其中心。近年来，关于蒙古贸易体系的研究被关注许多蒙古人，因此从各种角度发表了许多研究。在过去三年中，我在许多国内和内蒙古的研究所对此主题进行了几项材料投资，并可以收集许多有价值的材料。我对这些材料和其他数据的详细介绍，我对这个主题进行了研究，可以找到一些新事实。其中之一是大黄贸易问题。来自中国的大黄在奇（Kyakhta）时期通过kyakhta出口到俄罗斯。但是，由于俄罗斯对中国的违规行为，奇特政府关闭了凯克塔市场，并禁止将大黄出口到俄罗斯。由此产生的，将大黄流向俄罗斯的大量增加了很多，因此政府难以控制它。下一个问题是，来自内蒙古阿拉珊的盐非法出口到中国北部。当发现阿拉什安的王通过山西商人非法向中国出口盐时，奇林政府禁止阿拉桑的王非法贸易。除这些问题外，我还调查了中国商人在Ikh Khulee（现在是Ulanbator）的活动，以及20世纪初在蒙古蒙古活动退化的原因。较少的

项目成果

森川哲雄: "『蒙古源流』と著者不明『アルタン・トプチ』との関係について"蒙古史研究. 6. 218-236 (2000)

Tetsuo Morikawa：“‘蒙古源’和‘Altan Topchi’之间的关系，其作者不详”《蒙古历史研究》6. 218-236 (2000)。