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Trade System of Mongolia in the Ch'ing Dynasty

清代蒙古贸易体系

基本信息

批准号：
11610376
负责人：
MORIKAWA Tetsuo
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this study is to investigate the trade system of Mongolia by the Chinese merchants in Mongolia (***) during the Ch'ing dynasty. From ancient times, nomads of Northern Asia cannot live only by products of themselves, so they imported many things produced by Southern farmers. But from when the Ch'ing dynasty conquered Mongolia in 17th century, the boundary between China and Mongolia had disappeared. From that times, many Chinese merchants made inroads into Mongolia. Since then the economic conditions of Mongolia greatly changed and many commercial cities were constructed in various places, particularly Huhhot of Inner Mongolia became its center. In recent years, the study on the trade system of Mongolia is paid attention to many Mongolists, so many researches were published from various viewpoints.I did several investigations of materials on this theme at many domestic and Inner Mongolia's institutes during past three years and could collect many valuable materials. Based … More on those materials and other data, I carried out my studies on this theme, could find several new facts. One of them is the problem of trade of rhubarb. Rhubarb from China were much exported to Russia via Kyakhta in Ch'ing period. But the Ch'ing government closed the Kyakhta market and forbade to export rhubarb to Russia for the reason that Russia committed irregularities to China. Resulted from this, smuggling rhubarb out to Russia increased very much, the Ch'ing government had difficulty in controlling it. Next problem is that the salt from Alashan of Inner Mongolia was illegally exported to the northern part of China. When it was detected that the Wang of Alashan illegally exported the salt to China through Shanxi merchants, the Ch'ing government prohibited the Wang of Alashan from illegal trade. Beside these problems, I investigated the activities of Chinese merchants in Ikh khulee (now Ulanbator) and the reasons of degeneration of their activities in Mongolia about early in the 20th century. Less

本文旨在考察清朝时期中国商人在蒙古(*)对蒙古的贸易制度。自古以来，北亚游牧民族不能仅靠自己的产品生存，因此他们进口了许多南方农民生产的东西。但从17世纪清朝征服蒙古开始，中国与蒙古的边界就消失了。从那时起，许多中国商人进入蒙古。从那时起，蒙古的经济条件发生了很大的变化，各地都建立了许多商业城市，特别是内蒙古呼和浩特成为其中心。近年来，关于蒙古族贸易制度的研究受到许多蒙古学家的关注，从不同的角度发表了许多研究成果。近三年来，我在国内和内蒙古的许多研究所进行了多次关于这一主题的材料调查，收集到了许多有价值的材料。基于…根据更多的这些材料和其他数据，我对这个主题进行了研究，可以发现几个新的事实。其中之一是大黄的贸易问题。清朝时期，中国的大黄大量通过开赫达出口到俄罗斯。但清政府关闭了开赫塔市场，禁止向俄罗斯出口大黄，理由是俄罗斯向中国犯下了违规行为。由此，大黄输俄走私大大增加，清政府对此难以控制。下一个问题是，内蒙古阿拉善的食盐被非法出口到中国北部。当发现阿拉山王通过晋商非法向中国出口食盐时，清政府禁止阿拉山王非法贸易。除了这些问题，我还考察了20世纪初中国商人在伊喀库利(今乌兰巴托)的活动以及他们在蒙古活动退化的原因。较少