Romanization and Acculturation in the West

什么是“罗马化”？重要的是要调查罗马文化的渗透过程，这一过程随着时代和地区的不同而不同，重点是加利亚西萨尔皮纳和日耳曼尼亚的一些城市。作为凯尔特人的原产地，这两个地区彼此有着密切的亲缘关系。特别是，后者作为源自意大利北部的罗马士兵的殖民地发挥了重要作用。此外，在这些地区，我们可以最清楚地看到罗马文化对一些土著文化的适应。另一方面，罗马征服后，前者成为罗马的民间殖民地，后者仍然是罗马的一个省。因此，我的范围是阐明罗马城市在与当地文化部分相同或部分不同的条件下发展的某些方面。为了考察这些地区的罗马化进程，有必要把重点放在当地邪教和罗马地中海宗教之间的关系上。特别是在意大利北部，我们必须注意前罗马时代的邪教传统。在这种情况下，我们需要分开考虑凯尔特人在公元前4-3年征服的地区，以及威尼斯人和雷蒂安人的居住地。也就是说，在这一地区，我们不仅要考虑罗马和凯尔特人的元素，还要考虑意大利本土的元素。另一方面，在日耳曼尼亚，我的研究对象是代表莱茵河下游城市的一些变化。因为这些城市中的许多都是由罗马军队建立的，但在这些地区周围我们发现了当地文化的影响。因此，通过比较两地法律制度条件不同的城市的罗马化程度，探讨罗马文化的影响及其限度。

What is 'Romanization'? It is important to investigate the process of infiltration of the roman culture that varies according to times and regions, laying stress on some cities of Gallia Cisalpina and Germania Inferior. Both areas have had a close affinity with each other as original lands of the celtic people. In particular, the latter played an important role as colonies of roman soldiers who derived from the northern Italy. Moreover these areas are regions in which we can see most clearly the roman acculturation of some native cultures. In the other hand, after the roman conquest, the former became a roman civil colony, the latter remained a roman province. Thus, it is my scope to clarify some aspects of development of roman cities under conditions partly same, partly different, in relation to the native cultures. In order to examine the process of romanization in these regions, it is essential to focus on the relation between native cults and romano-mediterranean religions. Especially, in northern Italy we have to pay attention to the pre-roman cult traditions. And in this case, we need to think separately the regions which the Celts conquered 4-3 c. B.C.and the places of residence of the Venetians and Raetians. Namely in this area we have to consider not only roman and celtic elements but also those of the native Italians.On the other hand, in Germania the object of my research is to represent some change of the cities of the lower Rhine. Because many of these cities were founded by the roman army, but around these areas we find influences of the native cultures. Thus comparing grade of romanization of the cities in both areas of which the legal and institutional conditions differ, I want to probe the influence of the roman culture and its limit.