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Research on the Mechanism of the Excommunication of the Christian Heresies and the Process of the Establishment of the Papal Primacy in the Later Roman Empire

后罗马帝国基督教异端逐出教会机制及教皇权确立过程研究

基本信息

批准号：
11610411
负责人：
YAMADA Nozomu
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
Nanzan University (2000-2002)Nagoya Seirei Junior College (1999)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In the middle of the 3^<rd> century, the Roman bishops and those of North Africa agreed to acknowledge the papal primacy out of necessity to make a joint front in order to excommunicate the Arians. In the middle of the 5^<th> century, the Papacy was more strengthened through the antagonism between the Eastern churches and the Western concerning the authority of the bishops.In addition to such external factors, the structural change inside the Western Churches also contributed to the establishment of the primacy of the Papacy as an internal factor. Compared to the Eastern region, upper-class pagans and their traditional culture were still strongly influential in the West. Therefore, it was required for the Western Churches not only to romanize, namely secularize to some extent, but also to institutionalize, that is, to build a firm organization based on the Papacy. In such a phase, Augustine's theory on original sin could offer a pertinent theological framework to promote the secularization of the Western Churches and to build up the churches required a stronger authority for forgiveness of sin. In consequences, the Papacy as the supreme authority which could excommunicate heresies and forgive was declared in the Gelasius papal documents in the 5^<th> century. In the same documents, it was stipulated that the Papacy was superior to the rights of the emperor in religious matter. This is the final evidence which proved symbolically the function of the external and internal factors for establishing the primacy of the Papacy.

在3^世纪中期<rd>，罗马主教和北非的主教同意承认教皇的首要地位，出于必要，使联合阵线，以逐出教会的阿里安。5^世纪中期<th>，由于东西方教会在主教权威问题上的对立，教皇权得到了进一步的巩固。除了这些外部因素外，西方教会内部的结构变化也是教皇权至上地位确立的内部因素。与东部地区相比，上层异教徒及其传统文化在西方仍然具有强大的影响力。因此，西方教会不仅需要罗马化，即在一定程度上世俗化，而且还需要制度化，即建立一个以教皇为基础的稳固组织。奥古斯丁的原罪论可以为促进西方教会的世俗化和建立需要更强大的赦罪权威的教会提供一个中肯的神学框架。结果，在5^世纪的格拉修斯教皇文献中，教皇被宣布为最高权力机构，可以将异端逐出教会并宽恕<th>。在同一份文件中，规定教皇在宗教事务上的权利上级皇帝。这是最后的证据，象征性地证明了外部和内部因素的功能，以建立教皇的首要地位。