THEORETICAL, EMPIRICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL STUDY ON THE DECREASES IN THE JOB-TAKING RATIO OF NEWLY UNIVERSITY-GRADUATED STUDENTS UTILIZING LABOR UNION MODELS

工会模式对高校应届毕业生就业率下降的理论、实证和制度研究

• 批准号: 11630016
• 负责人: SHIMADA Akira
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: NAGASAKI UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11630016/
• 关键词: newly university-graduated students; labor union models; two-country macroeconomic model; foreign workers; international migration of labor; dual labor markets; internal migration of labor; unemployment rate; 協調; 非協調; 輸入関税

By investigating the employment situation of newly university-graduated students empirically, it was found that the problem that the ratio of students who can take jobs immediately after graduation is decreasing is mainly attributed to the so-called 'mismatch' between employment opportunities that students seek and firms offer. This result implied that the decreasing job-taking ratio of newly university-graduated students is the problem on labor migration, since we can reduce such mismatch by promoting the labor migration.For this reason, model analyses on the internal and international migration of labor were undertaken to find ways to improve the job-taking ratio of newly university-graduated students and the employment situation of the economy as a whole.Firstly, features of the labor union models were examined in order to model the supply side of the macroeconomy. Secondary, a two-country macroeconomic model was constructed and the effects of international migration of labor on the economy were examined. The effects of foreign workers' inflow on the domestic workers were also examined using the two-country macroeconomic model. Thirdly, the two-country marcoeonomy where workers migrate both domestically and internationally was investigated.The model analyses derived the following result. Providing students with information on jobs at the university, promoting the exchanges of information on jobs between firms and workers, providing newly university-graduated students and unskilled workers with various kind of employment opportunities and promoting the unskilled workers' migration to the skilled labor markets through on-the-job training will help to improve the employment situation of the economy as a whole and the job-taking ratio of newly university-graduated students.

通过对大学应届毕业生就业情况的实证调查发现，大学生毕业后立即就业比例下降的问题主要是由于学生寻找的就业机会与企业提供的就业机会“不匹配”。这一结果表明，应届毕业生就业比例下降是劳动力迁移的问题，可以通过促进劳动力迁移来减少这种不匹配。为此，对劳动力的国内和国际流动进行了模型分析，以寻找提高大学应届毕业生就业率和整体经济就业状况的方法。首先，考察了工会模型的特征，以便对宏观经济的供给侧进行建模。其次，构建了一个两国宏观经济模型，考察了国际劳动力迁移对经济的影响。本文还利用两国宏观经济模型考察了外国工人流入对国内工人的影响。第三，对工人在国内和国际上迁移的两国经济进行了调查。模型分析得出如下结果：为学生提供学校的就业信息，促进企业和工人之间的就业信息交流，为刚毕业的大学生和非熟练工人提供各种就业机会，通过在职培训促进非熟练工人向熟练劳动力市场迁移，有利于改善整体经济的就业状况和刚毕业的大学生的就业率。

项目成果

島田 章: "熟練労働、不熟練労働および国際労働移動"『経営と経済』(長崎大学). 82巻2号. 121-140 (2002)

Akira Shimada：“熟练劳动力、非熟练劳动力和国际劳务移民”《管理与经济学》（长崎大学），第 82 卷，第 2. 121-140 期（2002 年）。

島田 章: "二重労働市場と国際労働移動"経営と経済(長崎大学). 80巻1号. 65-98 (2000)

Akira Shimada：“双重劳动力市场和国际劳动力流动”管理与经济学（长崎大学），第 80 卷，第 1. 65-98（2000 年）。

島田 章: "国際労働移動にかんする政策目的の達成可能性"『経営と経済』(長崎大学). 82巻1号. 137-153 (2002)

Akira Shimada：“国际劳工移民政策目标的实现”《管理与经济学》（长崎大学），第 82 卷，第 1. 137-153 期（2002 年）。

SHIMADA, Akira: "Internal Labor Movement and International Labor Movement"Business and Economics (Keiei to Keizai). (Nagasaki University), 80-2. 39-80 (2000)

岛田晃：“内部劳工运动和国际劳工运动”商业和经济（Keiei to Keizai）。

SHIMADA, Akira: "<<Research Note>> Labor Markets and Union Models"Business and Economics (Keiei to Keizai). (Nagasaki University), 80-4. 163-186 (2001)

岛田晃：“《研究笔记》劳动力市场和工会模式”商业和经济（Keiei to Keizai）。