Rural community and Family in Modern China on Reform and Open door Economic system

近代中国改革开放中的农村社区与家庭

• 批准号: 11630076
• 负责人: UCHIYAMA Masao
• 金额: $ 2.37万
• 依托单位: Utsunomiya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11630076/
• 关键词: rural community; cooperative relationship; common labor; family labor; same family; relation; north china; social market economy; 共同家族

All of the villages in Investigations of customary practices in rural China were poor, social class distinctions were sharper in some villages than in others.Land-reform of the late 1940s, early 1950s and the collectivization that followed it effectively wiped the slate clean.While richer village households, as long as they were not classified as landlords or rich peasants, were able to preserve their capital, equipment and farm animals during the land-reform campaigns, the wave of collectivization in the mid-1950s levelled all families.From 1957 to the initiation of the economic reforms in the late 1970s, labor inputs would be the chief factor in determinig family income, and under thoseconditions the balance between working and dependent members in each family was the major determinanant of how well off each family would be.In all of the villages, major distinctons in wealth disappeared. While the distinctions within a village were narowed, the distinctions between the villages slowly widened, in spite of the fact that each of the villages was operating under very similar economic structures and with common economic policies providing direction.

《中国农村风俗习惯调查》中的那些村庄都很穷，有些村庄的社会阶级差别比其他村庄更明显。20世纪40年代末、50年代初的土地改革以及随之而来的集体化有效地清除了过去的痕迹。而富裕的村庄家庭，只要不被归类为地主或富农，就能保住自己的资本，在土地改革运动期间，20世纪50年代中期的集体化浪潮将所有家庭夷为平地。从1957年到20世纪70年代末经济改革开始，劳动力投入将成为决定家庭收入的主要因素，在这种情况下，每个家庭中工作成员和依赖成员之间的平衡是每个家庭富裕程度的主要决定因素。在所有的那些村庄中，财富的主要特征消失了。虽然一个村庄内部的差别缩小了，但那些村庄之间的差别却慢慢扩大了，尽管事实上每个那些村庄都在非常相似的经济结构下运作，并有共同的经济政策提供指导。

项目成果

内山雅生: "中国・黄河流域における共同慣行と『水』"藤田和子編『モンスーンアジアの水と社会環境』世界思想社. 91-122 (2002)

Masao Uchiyama：“中国黄河流域的合作实践和‘水’” Kazuko Fujita（编辑），季风亚洲的水与社会环境，Sekai Shisosha 91-122 (2002)。

内山雅生(共著): "村から中国を読む--華北農村五十年史"青木書店. 352 (2000)

内山正雄（合着）：《从乡村读中国——中国北方农村50年历史》青木书店352（2000）。

内山雅生(共著): "中国農村変革と家族・村落・国家"汲古書院. 954 (2000)

内山正夫（合著者）：“中国的农村转型与家庭、村庄和国家”，Kungu Shoin 954（2000）。

Uchiyama Masao: "Rural community and Village in Modern China"Ochanomizu Publishing. 271 (2003)

内山正雄：《近代中国的乡村社区与村庄》御茶之水出版社。

内山雅生: "現代中国農村と「共同体」"御茶の水書房. 271 (2003)

内山正男：“现代中国乡村与‘社区’”《御茶水书房》271（2003）。