Rural community and Family in Modern China on Reform and Open door Economic system

中国农村风俗习惯调查的所有村庄都很贫穷，一些村庄的社会阶级差别比其他村庄更明显。20世纪40年代末、50年代初的土地改革和随之而来的集体化有效地抹去了历史。虽然较富裕的村户，只要不被归类为地主或富农，在土地改革运动中能够保存他们的资本、设备和农场动物，但20世纪50年代中期的集体化浪潮将所有家庭夷为平地。从1957年到70年代末经济改革开始，劳动投入将是决定家庭收入的主要因素。在这种情况下，每个家庭的工作成员和受供养成员之间的平衡是每个家庭富裕程度的主要决定因素。在所有的村庄里，主要的财富差异消失了。虽然一个村庄内部的差别缩小了，但村庄之间的差别慢慢扩大，尽管每个村庄都在非常相似的经济结构下运作，并有共同的经济政策提供指导。

All of the villages in Investigations of customary practices in rural China were poor, social class distinctions were sharper in some villages than in others.Land-reform of the late 1940s, early 1950s and the collectivization that followed it effectively wiped the slate clean.While richer village households, as long as they were not classified as landlords or rich peasants, were able to preserve their capital, equipment and farm animals during the land-reform campaigns, the wave of collectivization in the mid-1950s levelled all families.From 1957 to the initiation of the economic reforms in the late 1970s, labor inputs would be the chief factor in determinig family income, and under thoseconditions the balance between working and dependent members in each family was the major determinanant of how well off each family would be.In all of the villages, major distinctons in wealth disappeared. While the distinctions within a village were narowed, the distinctions between the villages slowly widened, in spite of the fact that each of the villages was operating under very similar economic structures and with common economic policies providing direction.