Farm collectivization in Mordern China and Village community

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Each of the research villafarges in Investigations of customary practices in rural china had its own distinctive combination of social forces. Even though all of the villages were poor, social class distinctions were sharper in some villages than in others. Land-reform of the late 1940s, early 1950s and the collectivization that followed it effectively wiped the slate clean. While richer village households, as long as they were not classified as landlord or rich peasants, were able to preserve their capital, equipment and farm animals during the land reform campaigns, the wave of collectivization in the mid-1950s levelled all families. From 1957 to the initiation of the economic reforms in the late 1970s, labor inputs would be the chief factor in determinig family income, and under thoseconditions the balance between working and dependent members in each family was the major determinanant of how well off dach family would be. In all of the villages, major distinctons in wealth disappeared. While the distinctions within a village were narowed, the distinctions between the villages slowly widened, in spite of the fact that each of the villages was operating under very similar economic structures and with common economic policies providing directon.