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Farm collectivization in Mordern China and Village community

近代中国的农场集体化与乡村社区

基本信息

批准号：
07630064
负责人：
UCHIYAMA Masao
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
Utsunomiya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07630064/
关键词：
Mantetsu surveys Mantetsu railway Investigations of customary practices in rural China North china Xin-min-hui cooperative relation Hatada, Takashi Village community

项目摘要

Each of the research villafarges in Investigations of customary practices in rural china had its own distinctive combination of social forces. Even though all of the villages were poor, social class distinctions were sharper in some villages than in others. Land-reform of the late 1940s, early 1950s and the collectivization that followed it effectively wiped the slate clean. While richer village households, as long as they were not classified as landlord or rich peasants, were able to preserve their capital, equipment and farm animals during the land reform campaigns, the wave of collectivization in the mid-1950s levelled all families. From 1957 to the initiation of the economic reforms in the late 1970s, labor inputs would be the chief factor in determinig family income, and under thoseconditions the balance between working and dependent members in each family was the major determinanant of how well off dach family would be. In all of the villages, major distinctons in wealth disappeared. While the distinctions within a village were narowed, the distinctions between the villages slowly widened, in spite of the fact that each of the villages was operating under very similar economic structures and with common economic policies providing directon.

《中国农村习俗调查》中的每个研究村都有其独特的社会力量组合。尽管所有的村庄都很贫穷，但一些村庄的社会阶层差别比其他村庄更明显。 20 世纪 40 年代末、1950 年代初的土地改革以及随后的集体化有效地清除了过去的历史。虽然较富裕的乡村家庭，只要不属于地主或富农，就可以在土地改革运动中保留其资本、设备和牲畜，但20世纪50年代中期的集体化浪潮却将所有家庭夷为平地。从1957年到70年代末经济改革开始，劳动力投入将成为决定家庭收入的主要因素，在这种情况下，每个家庭中劳动成员和受抚养成员之间的平衡是决定家庭富裕程度的主要因素。在所有的村庄里，贫富差距都消失了。虽然村庄内部的差别缩小了，但村庄之间的差别却慢慢扩大了，尽管每个村庄的经济结构非常相似，并有共同的经济政策提供指导。