Anatomical and ontogenetic studies on the evolution of reproductive organs in tribes Desmodieae and Phaseoleae (Leguminosae)

从解剖学和个体遗传学的角度研究了豆科Desdemeae及其外群、菜豆亚族Kennediinae和Erythrininae的花和果，并推测了这些性状的进化趋势。花的结构与肯尼迪亚族的肯纳迪亚属和哈登伯吉亚部族的花进行了比较。这两个属在雄蕊群的内侧基部有花蜜腺。与Desdemeae族中发现的两种花卉类型“简单类型”和“爆发型”相比，外群中观察到的特征与“简单类型”相对应。因此，这一结果表明，“简单类型”在石龙族中更原始，或者说是半形性的。此外，花形态在石龙族中的有用性也得到了检验。花萼和花瓣在这个部落中被证明是更有用的。通过这次检查，发现并发表了胡枝子属一新种：L.hisuchii T.Nemoto&H.Ohashi(Nemoto&Ohashi，1999)。果皮解剖结构比较了麦角亚族和红豆亚族的果皮解剖结构。后两个亚族在厚壁组织中表现为纤维的斜向排列，明显不同于常见于Desmieae族的横向排列。根据叶绿体rbcL基因序列数据绘制的分子系统发育树显示，各分支的果皮和关节结构在进化趋势上存在差异。果实结构的进化与花部结构的进化密切相关。

Flowers and fruits were anatomically and ontogenetically investigated in the tribe Desmodieae of Leguminosae including its outgroups, subtribes Kennediinae and Erythrininae in the tribe Phaseoleae, and then the evolutionary trends of these characters were assumed.1. Flower structureFlowers of Desmodieae were compared with genera Kennedia and Hardenbergia of the subtribe Kennediinae. These two genera have floral nectaries at the inside base of the androecium. In comparison with the two flower types recognized in the tribe Desmodieae, "simple type" and "explosive type", the features observed in the outgroups correspond to those of the "simple type". This result, therefore, suggests that the "simple type" is more primitive, or plesiomorphic, in the tribe Desmodieae.Moreover, the usefulness of flower morphology was examined in the tribe Desmodieae. The calyx and petal were shown to be more useful in this tribe. By this examination one new species of the genus Lespedeza, L.hisauchii T.Nemoto ＆ H.Ohashi, was recognized and published (Nemoto ＆ Ohashi, 1999).2. Fruit structureThe anatomical structures of pericarps of the tribe Desmodieae were compared with those of subtribes Kennediinae and Erythrininae. The latter two subtribes represent oblique arrangement of fibers in the sclerenchyma, which is obviously different from the transverse arrangement commonly found in the tribe Desmodieae. This suggests that the common arrangement of fibers in the tribe Desmodieae is evolved at the root of the clade of the tribe from the oblique arrangement in the allied subtribes of the tribe Phaseoleae.Mapping of anatomical characteristics onto the molecular phylogenetic tree obtained from sequence data of chloroplast rbcL gene shows differences in evolutionary trends of pericarp and joint structures in each clade of the tree. Moreover, the evolution of fruit structure is shown to be closely correlated with that of flower structure in the tribe Desmodieae.