Anatomical and ontogenetic studies on the evolution of reproductive organs in tribes Desmodieae and Phaseoleae (Leguminosae)

对豆科山蚂蝗族（Desmodiee）及其外类群、菜豆族（Phaseoleae）的山蚂蝗亚科（Escheridiinae）和刺桐亚科（Erythrininae）的花和果实进行了解剖学和个体发育学研究，并推测了这些性状的进化趋势.花的结构山蚂蝗族的花与山蚂蝗亚族的山蚂蝗属和Hardenbergia属的花进行了比较。这两个属在雄蕊群的内侧基部有花蜜腺。与山蚂蝗族的“简单型”和“爆发型”两种花型相比较，外类群的特征与“简单型”相一致。因此，这一结果表明，“简单型”是更原始，或近形，在族山蚂蝗。此外，花形态的有用性进行了检查，在族山蚂蝗。花萼和花瓣在本族中被证明是更有用的。通过对胡枝子属植物的研究，确认了胡枝子属的一个新种，即L.hisauchii T.Nemoto & H.Ohashi（Nemoto & Ohashi，1999）。对山蚂蝗族与山蚂蝗亚科、刺桐亚科果皮的解剖结构进行了比较。后两个亚族代表厚壁组织中纤维的斜向排列，这与山蚂蝗族中常见的横向排列明显不同。根据叶绿体rbcL基因序列数据构建的分子系统树，分析了不同进化枝的果皮结构和连接结构的进化趋势，结果表明，不同进化枝的果皮结构和连接结构的进化趋势存在差异。此外，在山蚂蝗族中，果实结构的演化与花结构的演化密切相关。

Flowers and fruits were anatomically and ontogenetically investigated in the tribe Desmodieae of Leguminosae including its outgroups, subtribes Kennediinae and Erythrininae in the tribe Phaseoleae, and then the evolutionary trends of these characters were assumed.1. Flower structureFlowers of Desmodieae were compared with genera Kennedia and Hardenbergia of the subtribe Kennediinae. These two genera have floral nectaries at the inside base of the androecium. In comparison with the two flower types recognized in the tribe Desmodieae, "simple type" and "explosive type", the features observed in the outgroups correspond to those of the "simple type". This result, therefore, suggests that the "simple type" is more primitive, or plesiomorphic, in the tribe Desmodieae.Moreover, the usefulness of flower morphology was examined in the tribe Desmodieae. The calyx and petal were shown to be more useful in this tribe. By this examination one new species of the genus Lespedeza, L.hisauchii T.Nemoto ＆ H.Ohashi, was recognized and published (Nemoto ＆ Ohashi, 1999).2. Fruit structureThe anatomical structures of pericarps of the tribe Desmodieae were compared with those of subtribes Kennediinae and Erythrininae. The latter two subtribes represent oblique arrangement of fibers in the sclerenchyma, which is obviously different from the transverse arrangement commonly found in the tribe Desmodieae. This suggests that the common arrangement of fibers in the tribe Desmodieae is evolved at the root of the clade of the tribe from the oblique arrangement in the allied subtribes of the tribe Phaseoleae.Mapping of anatomical characteristics onto the molecular phylogenetic tree obtained from sequence data of chloroplast rbcL gene shows differences in evolutionary trends of pericarp and joint structures in each clade of the tree. Moreover, the evolution of fruit structure is shown to be closely correlated with that of flower structure in the tribe Desmodieae.