Flavonoid Variation and Speciation of the Genes Cyrtomium

石斛属植物从喜马拉雅分布到日本。日本原产于12个分类群，如falcatum、C. fortunei、C. macrophyllum、C. microtndum等。本研究分别从日本和中国的Cyrtomium、Cyrtogonellum和Phanerophlebia三种植物中分离鉴定了黄酮类化合物。主要化合物有山奈酚3- o -葡萄糖苷和槲皮素3- o -葡萄糖苷两种黄酮醇，以及山奈酚和槲皮素的3- o -半乳糖苷和3- o -芦丁苷。山奈酚3- o -葡萄糖苷-7- o -鼠李糖苷，在该属中未见报道，也从镰形镰刀中分离得到。在许多分类群中还检测到c -糖基黄酮、orientm isoorientm、牡荆素、isovitexin和vicemn-2及其o -糖苷。然而，它们是次要的化合物和零星分布在属。分离鉴定了罕见的C-甲基化黄酮、法罗罗醇和环霉素及其7- o -糖苷。虽然这些化合物均为报道的植物，但本研究表明，黄酮类化合物仅在镰形镰刀中合成，而在镰形镰刀中不合成。

The genus Cyrtomium was distributed to Japan from the Himalaya. Twelve taxa e.g. C falcatum, C. fortunei, C. macrophyllum, C. microtndusium etc. are natave to Japan.In this study, flavonoids of Japanese and Chinese Cyrtomium, Cyrtogonellum and Phanerophlebia species were isolated and identified from each taxd. Major compounds are two flavonols, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-glucoside in addition to 3-O-galactosides and 3-O-rutinosides of kaempferol and quercetin. Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside, which was not reported in this genus, was also isolated from C, falcatum sensu stricto. C-Glycosylflavones, orientm isoorientm, vitexin, isovitexin and vicemn-2 and their O-glucosides were also detected from many taxa. However, they were minor compounds and sporadical in the genus.Rare C-methylated flavanones, farrerol and cyctominetin and thier 7-O-glucosides were isolated and identified from C, devexiscapulae and C, laetevirens. Though the compounds was reported from C, falcatum sensu lato, it was shown in this survey that the flavanones are only sythesized in C, devexiscapulae but not in C, falcatum sensu stricto.