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Water ploblem analysis for water management of river area

流域水管理水问题分析

基本信息

批准号：
11650570
负责人：
MORIYAMA Katsumi
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Kyushu Kyoritsu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11650570/
关键词：
water management GIS water problems water pollution Estuary reservoir non-point source nutrients eutrophication

项目摘要

Many water problems in a river area, such as the shortage of water, water pollution etc., are occasioned by the urbanization and the increase of water demand in addition to agricultural water use. To solve these water problems, an integrated water management in the watershed both in terms of water quality and quantity is needed. The objective of this study is to develop the water management system for Onga and Chikugo areas. Water problem analysis is a first important step for analyzing water policy and the management system.First of all, the water problems of Onga and Chikugo River were analysed based on the observed data of the water quality of the river for the last twenty years.In this study, geographic information system, GIS, was used to discuss the framework for pollutant load analysis in both river areas. The pollutants density and/or distribution of non-point sources in these areas were demonstrated by using GIS data. It was clearly shown that eutrophication in the estuary reservoir takes place in summer season, especially in the low flow rate period.Secondary, the mechanism of water quality formation on nutrients in Onga River was studied.The relationship between the nutrients concentrations and the flow rate was used to discuss the mechanism of the water quality formation as well as the relationship between the nutrients load and flow rate. It was shown that the runoff process of precipitation that includes the eluviation of nitrate nitrogen in agricultural land affected the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen contained in the river water. Non-point source such as municipal wastewater seems to be a main pollutant source of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus.Finally, the necessity of establishing the alternative concepts for the integrated water management was pointed out through comparing the existing water management in terms of water quality and quantity.

河流地区的许多水问题，如水资源短缺、水污染等，都是由城市化进程以及农业用水和用水需求的增加引起的。为了解决这些水问题，需要对流域的水质和水量进行综合水管理。本研究的目的是开发远贺和筑后地区的水管理系统。水问题分析是分析水政策和管理体系的首要步骤。首先，根据近20年河流水质观测数据，对远贺河和筑后河的水问题进行了分析。本研究利用地理信息系统GIS，探讨了两河流域污染物负荷分析的框架。这些地区的污染物密度和/或面源分布是通过GIS数据来证明的。清楚地表明，河口水库富营养化发生在夏季，特别是在低流量时期。其次，研究了远贺河营养盐对水质形成的机制。利用营养盐浓度与流量的关系，讨论了水质形成的机制以及营养盐负荷与流量的关系。结果表明，包括农田硝态氮淋溶在内的降水径流过程影响河水中硝态氮的浓度。城市污水等面源是氨氮、磷的主要污染源。最后，通过对现有水管理的水质和水量的比较，指出建立水综合管理替代理念的必要性。