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CALCULATION METHOD IN PRESSURIZATION SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM IN CASE OF BUILDING FIRE

建筑火灾加压防烟系统的计算方法

基本信息

批准号：
11650609
负责人：
MATSUSHITA Takayuki
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
KOBE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11650609/
关键词：
Building Fire Pressurization Smoke Control Air Supply Rates Smoke Movement Calculation Simple Calculation Method Density Model Inclined Ceiling Hybrid Model 煙流動天井面傾斜路

项目摘要

The basic mechanism of smoke front movement under ceiling in building fire is investigated by the model experiments. As a result of this experiments, under 45 degree of angle the velocity of smoke front increases with increasing angle and over 45 degree the smoke front moves with evenly same speed. The simple density model is constructed to the inclined ceiling. It is shown that this model is successful for less than 45 degree of angle by comparison predicted results of this model with experiments. The Hybrid model is constructed for larger degree of angle, it is shown that the model successful for less than 60 degree of angle.It is important to consider the problem of smoke control system in recent high-rise buildings. But the research of smoke control system of whole building in case of fire is insufficient. In this research the simple calculation method of supply air rates in pressurization smoke control system in case of fully developed stage fire is proposed to secure the place for firemen. The effects of the stack effect and the outdoor wind velocity are considered and the condition to prevent smoke inflow to shaft is considered. Simultaneously the computational calculation method is constructed to compare the simple calculation method. As results the simple calculation method is efficient to calculate supply air rates in case of fully developed stage fire.

通过室内模型实验，研究了建筑火灾烟气在顶棚下运动的基本机理。实验结果表明，在45 °角以下，烟雾前缘的速度随角度的增大而增大，在45 °角以上，烟雾前缘以均匀的速度移动。建立了倾斜吊顶的简单密度模型。通过模型预测结果与实验结果的比较，表明该模型在小于45 °角的情况下是成功的。对大角度下的混合模型进行了建模，结果表明，该模型在小于60度的角度下是成功的，这对当前高层建筑的防排烟系统设计具有重要的参考价值。但目前对火灾情况下建筑物整体防排烟系统的研究还很不足。本文提出了阶段性火灾充分发展时，为保证消防人员的安全，加压防排烟系统送风量的简单计算方法。考虑了烟囱效应和室外风速的影响，并考虑了防止烟气流入竖井的条件。同时构造了计算方法，与简单计算方法进行了比较。结果表明，该简易计算方法可有效地计算充分发展阶段火灾时的送风量。