Mechanisms for responses to environmental stress in fruit trees

果树应对环境胁迫的机制

• 批准号: 11660038
• 负责人: NII Naosuke
• 金额: $ 2.05万
• 依托单位: Meijo University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11660038/
• 关键词: Fruit tree leaves and roots; Cell in root apex; DAPI staining; Salt stress; Proline betaine; Sorbitol; Mycorhiza; 根瑞細胞; 塩類濃度; グリシンベタイン

1.In order to analyze the adaptation mechanisms to environmental stress, high or low temperatute, drought and salt sttress, in fruit trees, the analytical method of betaine-related compounds was established. As a result, there were no glycine betaine in roots and leaves in many fruit trees. In contrast, proline betaine in citrus was determined.2. Fv/Fm ratio increased with increases in the chlorophyll content of leaves by the application of nitrogen fertilizer. However, the ratio of increase in Fv/Fm decreased when the chlorophyll content exceeded 25 ug/cm^2 in persimmon trees.3. When NaCl applied to seedling of citrus and cuttings of fig and grape, Na and Cl contents in leaves and roots accumulated in proportion to salt concentration. In citrus, proline betaine content in roots and leaves increased by salt stress : the content in the roots was more parallel to salt concentration.4. The effects of different amount of nitrogen applied in the soil and salt stress on the anatomical features of root apex area were observed in several fruit trees. The growth of new roots was limited in non-nitrogen treatment and they increased with nitrogen application. Cell nucleous with DAPI staining was obviously observed in nitrogen applied leaves. Salt stress induced a root cap falling. Cell size in the basal part from root tip with salt stress expanded with more vacuolation.5. The contents of BuBisCO and heat shock protein in the leaves of several fruit trees accumulated with increases of nitrogen application in the soil.6.Symbiotic relationships between mycorhiza and roots of fruit trees were observed.

1.为了分析果树对高温、低温、干旱和盐胁迫等环境胁迫的适应机制，建立了甜菜碱相关化合物的分析方法。因此，许多果树的根和叶中都不含有甘氨酸甜菜碱。相比之下，测定了柑橘中的甜菜碱。Fv/Fm值随施氮量的增加而增加。然而，当柿叶片中的叶绿素含量超过25ug/cm~2时，Fv/Fm增加的比例减小。柑橘幼苗、无花果和葡萄插条喷施氯化钠后，叶片和根中的钠、氯含量随盐浓度的增加而增加。在柑橘中，根和叶片中的甜菜碱含量随盐浓度的升高而增加，根中的含量与盐浓度的变化趋势一致。以几种果树为材料，研究了不同施氮量和盐胁迫对果树根尖解剖特征的影响。不施氮对新根生长有一定的抑制作用，随施氮量的增加而增加。施氮叶片DAPI染色可见明显的细胞核。盐胁迫导致根冠脱落。盐胁迫下根尖底部细胞体积增大，液泡化增多。随着土壤施氮量的增加，几种果树叶片中丁比斯科和热激蛋白的含量逐渐积累。6.菌根与果树根系的共生关系。