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Anatomical and physiological changes of fruit tree leaves during greening and senescence

果树叶片绿化和衰老过程中的解剖和生理变化

基本信息

批准号：
03660033
负责人：
NII Naosuke
金额：
$ 0.9万
依托单位：
MEIJO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03660033/
关键词：
Chlorophyll Chloroplast Starch accumulation Photosynthetic rate RuBisCo protein Amylase activity Rubiscoタンパク

项目摘要

The present experiment was designed to determine the effect of fruiting, different nitrogen application, ringing, and water stress on starch accumulation in relation to amylase activity, photosynthetic rate (Pn), and RuBisCo protein in several fruit trees.1. Fruiting effect. The photosynthetic rate was faster in leaves of fruiting limbs during the fruit maturation stage. The chlorophyll was more concentrated in leaves of bearing than in those from non-bearing trees. Non-bearing trees accumulated more starch in th chloroplasts than leaves of bearing trees. The volume of thylakoid decreased with increasing starch size in the chloroplasts.2. Ringing effect. The size of starch grains in the chloroplasts of defruited leaves expanded rapidly in the spongy cell. The chlorophyll content in defruited leaves was lower than in fruiting leaves. In the chloroplasts of defruited leaves, chloroplast-nuclei were localized at the periphery of the plastids. The pn in fruiting leaves was higher than in defruited leaves. Particularly, the Pn of the defruited leaves were under the compensation point.3. Nitrogen effect. The contents of chlorophyll in the leaves declined in parallel with decreasing the nitrogen application in th soil. The starch content in the leaves without or with lower nitrogen application increased more than those in any-nitrogen application plots.The pn increased with nitrogen application.4. Amylase activity decreased with the incease of starch accumulation and with the decrease of chlorophyll content.5. RuBisCo protein was the lowest in the leaves without nitrogen application and accumulation was in inverse proportion to that of starch in the leaves.6. Water stress. The yellowing of the fig leaves by water stress was related to the degradation of the chloroplast and chloroplast-nuclei.7. RuBisCo protein decreased markedly during the natural senescence of theleaves.

本试验旨在确定结果、不同施氮量、铃响和水分胁迫对几种果树淀粉积累与淀粉酶活性、光合速率（Pn）和RuBisCo蛋白的关系。果期的效果。果实成熟期，果枝叶片的光合速率更快。结果表明，果实树叶片中叶绿素含量高于非果实树叶片。不结果子树叶绿体中淀粉的积累量高于结果子树的叶片。叶绿体中类囊体的体积随着淀粉大小的增加而减小。振铃效应。在海绵细胞中，失果叶片叶绿体中淀粉粒的大小迅速扩大。果叶叶绿素含量低于实叶叶绿素含量。在果叶叶绿体中，叶绿体核位于质体的外围。结果叶的pn高于结果叶。特别是，果实叶片的Pn值在补偿点以下。氮的效果。叶片叶绿素含量随土壤施氮量的减少而下降。不施氮和低施氮处理的叶片淀粉含量均高于施氮处理。随施氮量的增加，pn增加。淀粉酶活性随淀粉积累量的增加和叶绿素含量的降低而降低。RuBisCo蛋白在未施氮的叶片中最低，其积累量与淀粉在叶片中的积累量成反比。水的压力。无花果叶片在水分胁迫下变黄与叶绿体和叶绿体核的降解有关。RuBisCo蛋白在叶片自然衰老过程中显著降低。