Studies on the production by the cultures of isolated lichen mycobionts and symbiosis in the lichen

分离地衣真菌菌体培养物的生产及其在地衣中的共生研究

• 批准号: 11672129
• 负责人: TANAHASHI Takao
• 金额: $ 2.18万
• 依托单位: Kobe Pharmaceutical University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11672129/
• 关键词: lichen mycobiont; culture of isolated mycobiont; phenolic compounds; structure elucidation; symbiosis

One characteristic of lichens, a symbiotic association, is the production of diverse secondary metabolites. Our recent studies demonstrated that cultures of lichen mycobionts have an ability under osmotically stressed conditions to produce certain lichen substances or novel metabolites. It was pointed out that cultures of lichen mycobionts could be new sources of bioactive compounds and also good tools for investigating the symbiotic mechanism in lichens. We cultivated the spore-derived mycobionts of several species of lichens collected in Philippines, U.S.A.or Japan, and isolated diverse compounds from their cultures. The cultured lichen mycobionts of the genus Graphis yielded isocoumarines, coumarine, chromones, γ-lactones, dicarboxylic acids, and phenyl ethers. Mycobionts of Ramalina otenospora produced a new azaphilone derivative along with fatty acids, lipids and usnic acid. Furthermore, the cultured mycobionts of Lecanora spp. yielded dibenzofurans, a naphthopyran and an isocouma … More rine, while the cultured mycobionts of Pyrenula sp. yielded another naphthopyran.It is of great interest to know that lichen mycobionts are able to produce substances which have never been detected in the lichenized state but were structurally related to fungal metabolites and that γ-lactones and dicarboxylic acids isolated from the cultured mycobionts could be recognized as prototypes of several natural lichen substances. From the viewpoint of evolution, the mycobionts of the lichens seem to conserve the secondary metabolism of free-living fungi in the pre-symbiosis age. Namely, the origin of isolated mycobionts is the same as that of free-living fungi, for example, Alternaria, and they gained different lifestyles and were separated in the evolutional process. In symbiotic state with photobionts, the mycobionts might conserve the original metabolic ability of ancient mycobionts. These metabolic pathways might be normally supressed by any action of the photobiont, but expressed in the isolated mycobiont. Further studies on secondary metabolites form the cultured mycobionts will provide significant information on the evolution of mycobiont and symbiosis in the lichen. Less

地衣的一个特征是共生，它能产生不同的次生代谢物。我们最近的研究表明，地衣真菌培养物在渗透胁迫条件下能够产生某些地衣物质或新的代谢物。指出地衣真菌培养物可能是生物活性物质的新来源，也是研究地衣共生机制的良好工具。我们培养了在菲律宾、美国和日本采集的几种地衣的孢子源真菌，并从它们的培养物中分离出了不同的化合物。培养的石墨属地衣真菌产生异香豆素、香豆素、色酮、γ-内酯、二元酸和苯基醚。紧张霉菌的共生菌产生一种新的氮杂环丙酮衍生物以及脂肪酸、脂类和松萝酸。此外，还对Lecanora spp.合成了二苯并呋喃、萘吡喃和异乌玛…而培养的果核霉菌群具有较强的侵染性。令人感兴趣的是，地衣真菌能够产生在地衣状态下从未被检测到的物质，但在结构上与真菌代谢产物有关，从培养的真菌生物群中分离出的γ-内酯和二元酸可以被识别为几种天然地衣物质的原型。从进化的角度来看，地衣中的真菌似乎保存了前共生时代自由生活真菌的次生代谢。也就是说，分离的真菌与自由生活的真菌如链格孢菌的起源是相同的，它们获得了不同的生活方式，并在进化过程中被分离。在与光生生物共生的状态下，分枝菌群可能保存了古生菌群原有的代谢能力。这些代谢途径通常可能被光生物体的任何作用所抑制，但在分离的真菌生物体中表达。对培养的真菌的次生代谢产物的进一步研究将为地衣中真菌的进化和共生提供重要的信息。较少

项目成果

Takao Tanahashi, Yukiko Takenaka, Naotaka Nagakura, Nobuo Hamada, Hiromi Miyawaki: "Two isocoumarins from the cultured lichen mycobiont of Graphis sp."Heterocycles. 53(3). 523-528 (2000)

Takao Tanahashi、Yukiko Takenaka、Naotaka Nagakura、Nobuo Hamada、Hiromi Miyawaki：“来自培养的 Graphis sp. 地衣真菌生物体的两种异香豆素”杂环。

Y.Takenaka,T.Tanahashi,N.Nagakura,N.Hamada: "Production of Xanthones with Free Radical Scavenging Properties, Emodin and Sclerotiorin by the Cultured Lichen Mycobionts of Pyrenula japonica"Z.Naturforsch.. 55c・11/12. 910-914 (2000)

Y.Takenaka、T. Tanahashi、N. Nagakura、N. Hamada：“利用培养的蝾螈地衣真菌生产具有自由基清除特性的氧杂蒽酮、大黄素和菌核素”Z.Naturforsch.. 55c·11/12。 -914 (2000)

T.Tanahashi,Y.Takenaka,Y.Ikuta,K.Tani,N.Nagakura,N.Hamada: "Xanthones from the Cultured Lichen Mycobiont of Pyrenula japonica and Pyrenula pseudobufonia"Phytochemistry. 52・3. 401-405 (1999)

T. Tanahashi、Y. Takenaka、Y. Ikuta、K. Tani、N. Nagakura、N. Hamada：“日本芘苋属和拟苋苋属地衣真菌生物体中的 Xanthones”植物化学 52・3（1999 年）。

竹仲由希子: "Production of xanthones with free radical scavenging properties, emodin and sclerotiorin by the cultured lichen mycobionts of Pyrenula japonica"Z.Naturforsch.. 55c. 910-914 (2000)

Yukiko Takenaka：“通过培养的芘苔地衣真菌生产具有自由基清除特性的氧杂蒽酮、大黄素和菌核素”Z.Naturforsch.. 910-914 (2000)。

Yukiko Takenaka, Takao Tanahashi, Naotaka Nagakura, Nobuo Hamada: "Production of xanthones with fee radical scavenging properties, emodin and sclerotiorin by the cultured lichen mycobionts of Pyrenula japonica"Z.Naturforsch. 55c(11/12). 910-914 (2000)

Yukiko Takenaka、Takao Tanahashi、Naotaka Nagakura、Nobuo Hamada：“通过培养的芘核菌地衣真菌生产具有自由基清除特性的氧杂蒽酮、大黄素和菌核素”Z.Naturforsch。