Fundamental nursing courses in Baccalaureate Program meeting medical/nursing needs of the society

本研究的目的是探讨适应社会需求的基础护理教育内容和教学方法。1999年，对日本47个本科护理专业的教学大纲进行了调查，并对其中13个专业的基础护理教师进行了访谈。调查还在三所美国大学进行，一所在加拿大，三所在英国。结论是通过对收集的数据的具体分析和讨论得出的，这些讨论包括有经验的基础护理教育人员和护理教育专家。主要研究结果如下：(1)护理是帮助个人、家庭和社区，在所有年龄段和所有水平的健康状况。基础护理课程需要包含基本概念和技能，以便在各种类型的卫生保健环境中为所有人提供护理服务。(2)《护理学概论》中教授的概念应融入护理技能和临床实践。(3)护理技能分为三类：常用技能、基本护理技能和治疗程序。基础护理和治疗程序中的每一项技能都应包括共同的技能组成部分。(4)基础护理实习由两节或两节以上组成。第一期课程安排在第一年，在医院、养老院、儿童保育和社区卫生机构进行早期接触。(5)系统地构建基础护理、临床护理和基础科学课程之间相互关联和整合的课程内容。(6)其他国家的基础护理课程包括讲课、课堂实验室和临床实习。这些发现表明，在日本的BS护理项目中，基础护理课程仍需进一步改进。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the educational contents and teaching methods of fundamental nursing meeting medieal/nursing needs of the society. In 1999, syllabuses of 47 baccalaureate nursing programs in Japan were investigated, and interviews with instructors of fundamental nursing at 13 programs among the 47 were performed. Surveys were also undertaken at 3 American colleges, one in Canada and three in England. Conclusions were derived from concrete analysis of the collected data and discussions including experienced fundamental nursing educators and experts in nursing education. Major findings are as follows.(1) Nursing is to help individuals, families and communities, in all age groups and in all levels of health status. Fundamental nursing courses are required to involve basic concepts and skills to provide nursing care for all in various types of health care settings.(2) The concepts taught in "Introduction to Nursing" should be integrated into nursing skills and clinical practicum.(3) Nursing skills are classified into three groups : common skills, basic care skills, and therapeutic procedures. Each skill in basic care and therapeutic procedures should be taught with common skill components.(4) Fundamental nursing practicum is composed of two or more sessions. The first session is scheduled in the first year, as early exposure, in hospitals, nursing homes, child care and community health institutions.(5) Systematic approach is necessary to construct interrelated and integrated course contents between fundamental nursing, clinical nursing, and basic science courses.(6) Fundamental nursing courses in other countries include lectures, classroom labs and clinical practicum. They are combined and conducted simultaneously with the same focus by a group of instructors with various specialty.These findings indicate that further improvement of fundamental nursing courses will be necessary in the BS nursing programs in Japan.