Fundamental nursing courses in Baccalaureate Program meeting medical/nursing needs of the society

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the educational contents and teaching methods of fundamental nursing meeting medieal/nursing needs of the society. In 1999, syllabuses of 47 baccalaureate nursing programs in Japan were investigated, and interviews with instructors of fundamental nursing at 13 programs among the 47 were performed. Surveys were also undertaken at 3 American colleges, one in Canada and three in England. Conclusions were derived from concrete analysis of the collected data and discussions including experienced fundamental nursing educators and experts in nursing education. Major findings are as follows.(1) Nursing is to help individuals, families and communities, in all age groups and in all levels of health status. Fundamental nursing courses are required to involve basic concepts and skills to provide nursing care for all in various types of health care settings.(2) The concepts taught in "Introduction to Nursing" should be integrated into nursing skills and clinical practicum.(3) Nursing skills are classified into three groups : common skills, basic care skills, and therapeutic procedures. Each skill in basic care and therapeutic procedures should be taught with common skill components.(4) Fundamental nursing practicum is composed of two or more sessions. The first session is scheduled in the first year, as early exposure, in hospitals, nursing homes, child care and community health institutions.(5) Systematic approach is necessary to construct interrelated and integrated course contents between fundamental nursing, clinical nursing, and basic science courses.(6) Fundamental nursing courses in other countries include lectures, classroom labs and clinical practicum. They are combined and conducted simultaneously with the same focus by a group of instructors with various specialty.These findings indicate that further improvement of fundamental nursing courses will be necessary in the BS nursing programs in Japan.